TR-202 Zinc Butyl Octyl Primary Alkyl Dithiophosphate
TR-EPC02 Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer
Lithium 12-Hydroxystearate Lithium Grease Lithium Based Grease
Graphene Best Oil Additive Engine Oil additive
Graphite Powder Graphite Lubricant Dry Graphite Lubricant
MoS2 Friction Modifier Molybdenum Disulfide
Pour point depressants, also known as oil pour point improvers, refer to chemicals that lower the freezing point of lubricating oils, generally high-molecular organic compounds. Commonly used pour point depressants in lubricating oils include alkyl naphthalenes, polyesters, and polyolefins. Polyesters are mainly polymethacrylates, and polyolefins are mainly polyalpha-olefins.
The lubricating oil is mainly prepared with mineral oil as the base oil. Mineral base oil is the base oil obtained by refined processing of petroleum fractions. Petroleum usually contains a certain amount of wax. Most of the petroleum in my country is waxy petroleum. , the wax content of the lubricating oil fraction in some crude oil exceeds 40%. At low temperatures, the wax in the oil will precipitate to form crystals and form a loose and messy three-dimensional crystal network. The oil is wrapped in this loose and messy three-dimensional crystal network, hindering its flow or solidification. When a suitable pour point depressant is added to the oil, the molecules of the pour point depressant will be adsorbed on the wax surface or form a eutectic, which will affect the growth direction and shape of the wax crystals and prevent the wax from forming a network structure and eutectic, thereby effectively Maintains the fluidity of oil at low temperatures.
Alkyl naphthalene is the earliest used pour point depressant for lubricants. Alkyl naphthalene, used as a pour point depressant, is produced using a chlorinated paraffin process and is still widely used. As the main pour point depressant, alkyl naphthalene has good economic performance. Better pour-point depressants can be achieved when used in conjunction with other types of pour-point depressants. As a pour point depressant, alkyl naphthalene also acts as an antioxidant in lubricating oil. It acts as an antioxidant because in a mixture of hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons will oxidize themselves, protecting other hydrocarbons. It slows down the oxidation rate of the entire oil system and acts as an antioxidant. In addition, its oxidation products can also play the role of antioxidants because alkyl naphthalenes are easily oxidized to alkylphenols. Phenols are well-known antioxidants, and the oxidation products of this alkyl naphthalenes still have good Therefore, the freezing point of lubricating oil containing alkyl naphthalene pour point depressant will not increase significantly even if it is deeply oxidized.
Polymethacrylate is a multi-effect lubricating oil additive. As a pour point depressant, it has a good pour point depressing effect in various lubricants. Polymethacrylate also acts as a viscosity index improver in oil products. And the role of anti-foaming agents. Polymethacrylate is an acrylic non-silicon anti-foaming agent. The effect of this type of anti-foaming agent is greatly affected by the lubricating oil system. Therefore, polymethacrylate as a pour point depressant must be coordinated with the anti-foaming agent.
Poly-alpha-olefin is a pour point depressant developed by me. It is a non-surfactant type of pour point depressant. Therefore, using poly-alpha-olefin as a depressant will not cause the surfactant-type pour point depressant. The pour point rebound phenomenon occurs when the oil content increases, but the pour point of the oil increases. Since the poly-alpha-olefin pour point depressant molecule does not contain polar groups, it is best to use it in combination with an alkyl naphthalene pour point depressant or an acrylate pour point depressant, which can make the arrangement and distribution of controlled wax crystals more orderly. , to obtain a better condensation-reducing effect.
The above three kinds of pour point depressants will not negatively impact the oil system's performance. In addition to the pour point depressant function, they can enhance other functions of the oil to a certain extent. Using pour point depressants in lubricating oils can effectively reduce the solidification temperature of mineral lubricating oils, improve the low-temperature fluidity of oils, and significantly improve the performance and economic benefits.
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Fully synthetic engine oil has always been a favorite among car lovers. Compared with common mineral engine oils and semi-synthetic engine oils on the market, fully synthetic engine oil has better stability, lubrication, and cleaning performance and also has a longer maintenance cycle. , so fully synthetic motor oil can be said to be the king of automotive lubricants.
So, what is the pinnacle king among automotive lubricants? This depends on the additives in the engine oil. Tungsten disulfide and molybdenum disulfide are considered to be the best partners of automobile engine oil due to their excellent anti-wear and friction-reducing properties, which can enable the engine oil to achieve the best lubrication performance.
Automotive engine oil is generally composed of two parts: base oil (70%-95%) and additives (30%-5%). Fully synthetic engine oil means that the base oil is completely artificially synthesized, including artificially synthesized polyalpha olefin (PAO) Or animal and vegetable oils (esters), which have higher stability and antioxidant properties. The difference in engine oil additives will further affect the lubricity, friction reduction, long-term performance, environmental protection, and other properties of the engine oil.
Tungsten disulfide is gradually surpassing traditional graphene and molybdenum disulfide and becoming a new generation of "king of lubrication." When used in automotive engine oils, the additional amount does not require too much. Still, it can significantly reduce the friction coefficient, and it can cope with harsh environments such as high temperature, high pressure, vacuum, radiation, and corrosion without any pressure.
Of course, the cost corresponding to high performance is also relatively high. On the one hand, it is due to the difficulty of applying tungsten disulfide to lubricants. On the other hand, it is due to the scarcity of raw material tungsten resources and its strategic reserve value. Therefore, professional racers or professional car lovers generally choose tungsten disulfide, which is a fully synthetic engine oil.
It is worth noting that not all cars can use fully synthetic engine oil. Therefore, when choosing car engine oil, it is recommended to choose among the types of engine oil suitable for the car. You can refer to the vehicle owner's manual.
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In the tide of world economic globalization, ocean transportation is an essential carrier of international logistics, and its efficient and stable operation plays a vital role in the growth of the global economy. In this grand system, the maintenance of ship equipment, especially the optimized management of ship systems, is undoubtedly the core part.
Many people have recently paid more attention to the cleaning construction methods of marine oil tanks. The cleaning construction methods of marine oil tanks are to keep the oil tanks clean and safe and prevent oil pollution from accumulating and clogging pipelines. The following is an in-depth analysis of marine oil tank cleaning construction methods.
Oil tank cleaning construction requires professional equipment and technology to ensure cleaning results and operational safety.
During the cleaning process, you need to pay attention to environmental protection requirements to avoid oil pollution to the environment.
Cleaning construction usually requires downtime for maintenance, so the time must be reasonably arranged to reduce the impact on shipping.
The inner wall of the oil tank will accumulate oil as it is used over time. If not cleaned in time, it will cause pipeline blockage and safety hazards.
Cleaning can remove impurities deposited at the bottom of the oil tank to avoid influencing the quality of the oil.
Cleaning also helps extend the life of the tank and reduces maintenance costs and work risks.
First, transfer the oil from the oil tank to another place for storage to ensure that the oil tank is empty.
Use a high-pressure cleaner or water jet equipment to clean the tank wall and optional chemical solvent cleaning.
After cleaning, rinse the inner wall of the oil tank with water to ensure that oil stains and solvent residues are completely removed.
Use a ventilator to evaporate the water in the oil tank and make it completely dry.
Long-chain linear Alkyl Benzene High Base Synthetic Calcium Sulfonate is a typical marine oil additive, mainly used to improve the base number and cleanliness of marine oil. Adding an appropriate amount of long-chain linear alkylbenzene high-base synthetic calcium sulfonate to marine oil can effectively neutralize the acidic substances in the oil, prevent the oxidation and deterioration of the oil, and at the same time, remove the acidic substances in the oil system. Sediments and carbon deposits to keep the engine running normally.
In addition, Long-Chain Linear Alkyl Benzene High Base Synthetic Calcium Sulfonate also has good hydrolytic stability and high-temperature stability. It can keep good performance in high temperature and high humidity environments. It also has a lower friction coefficient and better fuel economy, which can improve engine efficiency and reduce fuel consumption.
It should be noted that when using Long-Chain Linear Alkyl Benzene High Base Synthetic Calcium Sulfonate as the main component of marine oil, it needs to be added in strict accordance with the prescribed proportions and processes to avoid adverse effects caused by excess or deficiency. At the same time, for engines of different models and brands, suitable marine oil and additives need to be selected to ensure the best performance and protection.
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When lithium is used as a thickener in lubricants, it mainly exists in the form of lithium stearate. Since this substance can resist water and high and low temperatures, it was used in lubricants at that time, which shone brilliantly. As long as lithium lubricant is added to some aspects of the car, it is enough to use until it is scrapped.
Lithium stearate is a white powder or colorless crystal, stable at room temperature and pressure, slightly soluble in water and ethanol, decomposed into stearic acid and the corresponding lithium salt when exposed to strong acid, insoluble in ethyl acetate and mineral oil. In minerals, Colloids form in the oil.
The main functions of grease are lubrication, protection and sealing. Most greases are used for lubrication and are called antifriction greases. Antifriction grease mainly plays the role of reducing mechanical friction and preventing mechanical wear. At the same time, it also plays a role in protecting metal corrosion and sealing against dust. Some greases are primarily used to prevent metal from rusting or corroding and are called protective greases.
Lithium can react violently with oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and other substances. It is worth mentioning that during the smelting process of copper, the appropriate addition of lithium can also improve the internal structure of copper, making it more compact, effectively improving conductivity, and removing impurities and gases. This is undoubtedly a further step forward for lithium.
You might not think that every cup of ordinary hot tea contains 1/10,000th of a gram of glass when you drink from a glass. But it's different when you add lithium to glass. Its solubility is only 1% of ordinary glass and is also resistant to acid corrosion. It serves multiple purposes.
In addition to light industry, lithium is also widely used in heavy industry. If we put an isotope with a mass 6 in an atomic pile and irradiate it with neutrons, we can obtain tritium for thermonuclear reactions. This is widely used in the nuclear industry.
Lithium itself is a rare fuel. Just 1 kilogram of lithium can release 42,998 kilojoules of heat after complete combustion. Due to this property, lithium has become one of the best metal candidates for rocket fuel.
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Rust is a chemical reaction when a metal material is oxidized due to long-term contact with oxygen in the air or is corroded by oxygen in the water to form an oxide. Certain minority metals, such as Al (aluminium), can slowly oxidize at room temperature to form a dense oxide film, which prevents further oxidation inside the metal and indirectly prevents rust. Al (aluminium) is more reactive than iron and easier to oxidize, but we rarely notice its rust because of this. The disadvantage of metal rusting is that the rust component is iron oxide, which is unstable. When welding iron alloys, iron alloys with oxides are not strong. For example, oxides are in the welding joints of bridge steel bars, which can easily cause fractures. Scaffolding in construction is made up of steel pipes connected. Rusty steel pipes will cause the pipe walls to become thinner and the hardness of the steel pipes to decrease. Such steel pipes can easily cause great safety hazards when used and also cause a waste of resources. So, we need to rust-proof the metal surface. The problem of rust prevention on metal surfaces has always been a global problem. Our country's national economic losses caused by metal corrosion account for 1%-4% of the national economy yearly, far exceeding the losses caused by geological and other disasters. Therefore, anti-rust treatment of metal surfaces is of great significance.
1) Choose different protective layers according to the composition of the metal. 1: If it is an iron product, coat the surface with engine oil, Vaseline, paint or cover it with enamel, plastic and other corrosion-resistant non-metallic materials; 2: Use electroplating, hot plating or other methods to coat the surface of the steel with a layer that is not easily Corrosive metals such as zinc, tin, chromium, nickel, etc. These metal surfaces can form a dense oxide film to prevent iron products from rusting due to contact with water, air and other substances. Traditional metal surface treatment is mainly electroplating. However, its negative impacts, such as high energy consumption and high pollution, are also increasing.
2) Use electrochemical methods to form a dense and stable oxide film on the surface of iron products to prevent iron products from rusting. For example, a fine black ferrous oxide film is formed on the surface of machine parts and other steel parts. 1: Electrochemical protection method. Use the principle of galvanic cells to protect metals and eliminate galvanic cell reactions that cause galvanic corrosion. Electrochemical protection methods are divided into anode protection and cathodic protection. The most widely used method is cathodic protection. 2: Treat corrosive media. Eliminate corrosive media, such as frequently wiping metal equipment, placing desiccants in precision instruments, and adding a small amount of rust inhibitors that can reduce the corrosion rate to the corrosive media. The anti-rust processes on the steel surface include oxidation (blue or black), phosphating, and passivation. Oxidation (blue or black) is to put steel parts into a solution containing caustic soda, sodium nitrate or sodium nitrite to form a thin black oxide film on the surface of the parts; Phosphating is to put steel parts into Soak in phosphate solution to form a water-insoluble phosphate film on the metal surface; passivation is to put the metal into nitrite, nitrate, chromate, or dichromate solution to make the metal surface There are different options to form a passivation film according to specific anti-rust requirements.
3) Keeping the surface of iron products clean and dry is also a good way to prevent iron products from rusting. Manufacture various corrosion-resistant alloys, such as adding chromium, nickel, etc., to ordinary steel to make stainless steel.
In life. If some of the metal products we usually use are rusty, the simple choice is to remove the rust by grinding and then painting. If the product is used at room temperature and in industrial applications with general anti-rust requirements, you should choose pickling to remove the rust and then phosphating. Paint coating. Dilute sulfuric acid is generally used for pickling. If the rust is heavy, add some hydrochloric acid. The hydrochloric acid should be used cautiously to avoid causing new corrosion. For short-term rust prevention during storage, you can integrate rust removal and phosphating, wash and dry, and then apply anti-rust oil. You should choose a blackening treatment if it is a rust-proof product used at high temperatures.
This is a general overview of the anti-rust treatment methods for metal surfaces. There are huge professional disciplines and fields for each process. Specific details should be found in their professional manuals.
TR746 Dodecylene Succinic Acid as the main ingredients of rust inhibitor, it is used primarily for steam turbine oils, machine tool oils, hydraulic oils,hydraulic transmission oils, fuel oils and antirust grease, etc.
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Internal combustion engine lubricating oil is used to lubricate internal combustion engines. According to the engine's characteristics, it can be divided into two types: gasoline engine oil and diesel engine oil. It is obtained from petroleum lubricating oil fractions or deasphalted residual oil as raw materials through dewaxing, refining and other treatments, and adding additives. It has the characteristics of appropriate viscosity, viscosity-temperature performance, antioxidant stability, lubricity, anti-wear, cleanability, good low-temperature fluidity and low corrosiveness.
TR-202 Zinc Butyl Octyl Primary Alkyl Dithiophosphate is one kind of oil additives in internal combustion engine lubricating oil, it have features of better antioxidation, abrasion resistance and thermal stability
ZDDP can be applied in gear oils, hydraulic oils, bearing oils, rail oils and metalworking oils; but it can not be used with silver parts. In additional it can be primarily used for various internal combustion engine oils.
According to the German media "Alemannia," BMW CEO Oliver Zipzer attended a business forum. When asked whether BMW would abandon the production of fuel vehicles within the scheduled time, he directly refused. The exact date the company finally gave up producing internal combustion engine cars was revealed.
Oliver Zipzer emphasized that BMW's top priority is to provide car-buying customers with more freedom of choice, not the other way around. He further explained that what he just said does not mean the company will break its commitment to move towards carbon neutrality.
It is obvious that BMW, one of Germany's three major luxury car manufacturers, is more resistant to the development trend of electric vehicles than other companies.
Earlier, Mercedes-Benz publicly announced that if market conditions permit, the company is prepared to no longer produce cars equipped with internal combustion engines in the next ten years. At the same time, Audi also announced that starting in 2026, all new models produced by the company will only be powered by electric power, and even hybrid power will no longer be used.
In addition, Volvo Cars, a joint venture between Sweden and China, will also stop producing fuel-engine vehicles from 2030. British Jaguar, which has suffered losses for a long time, is also preparing to achieve a comprehensive electrification transformation of its products in 2025.
At present, the world's leading car companies have entered the ranks of green new energy, at least verbally. StilZipze'se's ambiguity and hesitation make people feel that BMW has fallen behind.
PerhaBMW’s image of top students unwilling to strive "to “contribute to the sustainable development of mank" nd” will put it at a disadvantage in public opinion. However, in any case, BMW has announced a time point: By 2030, BMW will prepare to Allocate half of vehicle production to electric vehicles.
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Nanodiamond is a material composed of nanometer-sized diamond crystals. It is a nanomaterial with unique properties and broad application potential.
The manufacture, especially the application, of nanodiamonds has been a hot research topic among scientists from various countries in recent years.
Nanodiamond was developed more than 30 years ago, but its application was limited to abrasives such as polycrystals and polishing agents. With the deepening of people's understanding of the properties of nanodiamonds, nanodiamonds have been used in lubricants. Metal coatings, magnetic recording systems, medicine, and other fields have begun to be applied, and the application fields are still expanding.
According to the information published by Russian nanodiamond expert Valery Yurievich Dolmatov, a brief introduction to the application of nanodiamonds is given:
Adding nanodiamonds to lubricating oil can extend the working life of engines and transmission devices, save fuel and oil, reduce friction torque by 20 to 40%, and reduce friction surface wear by 30 to 40%. After plating, the service life of the aspects is increased by 1 to 9 times. The thickness of the coating can be decreased by 1 to 2 times. Standard electroplating equipment is used during electroplating.
A nanodiamond is composed of several nanometer-sized diamond particles, usually in a spherical or spherical-like shape. They have a crystal structure similar to macroscopic diamonds, in which carbon atoms are sp^3 hybridized to form a tetrahedral structure.
Strength and hardness
Nanodiamond has excellent mechanical properties, high strength and extreme hardness. It is one of the hardest materials known, harder than traditional micron-sized diamond.
Nanodiamond polishing fluid
Nanodiamond polishing fluid is widely used in semiconductor silicon wafer polishing, computer hard disk substrate, computer head polishing, precision ceramics, artificial crystals, cemented carbide, gem polishing and other fields due to its excellent performance. Russia uses nanodiamonds to polish quartz, optical glass, etc., and its polished surface roughness reaches 1nm. The application of nanodiamond shows many advantages. Due to its ultra-fine and ultra-hard properties, the problems in optical polishing are easily solved. Fine polishing is a difficult problem in optical polishing. The original process required repeated use of abrasives, which took dozens of hours and was inefficient. The use of nanodiamond greatly increases the polishing speed. The time required to polish the same workpiece is only a dozen hours to dozens of minutes, and dozens increase the efficiency to hundreds of times.
Super hard coating material
Because of its high hardness and wear resistance, nanodiamond is widely used in surface coating materials. It can be used as a coating or additive in areas such as knives, bearings, drill bits and cutting tools to provide excellent wear resistance and extended service life.
Biomedical applications
Nanodiamond also has potential applications in the biomedical field. Due to its low toxicity and biocompatibility, it can be used in applications such as drug delivery, molecular imaging, biosensing, and tissue engineering.
Optoelectronics and Electronics
The application of nanodiamond in optoelectronics and electronics has also attracted much attention. Their optical and electrical properties make them potential electronic, optoelectronic, and sensor materials.
Nanoparticle additives
Nanodiamond can be added as an additive to composite materials, coatings, and paints to improve the material's mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, and wear resistance.
1. High temperature and high pressure method
The high temperature and high pressure method is one of the most commonly used methods for preparing nanodiamonds. This method uses phase-change carbon sources such as graphite or petroleum coke to generate nanodiamonds under high temperature and high pressure conditions. The advantage of the high temperature and high pressure method is that the nanodiamond produced has high purity and uniform particle size. The disadvantage is that the equipment cost is high, and a large amount of non-oxidizing catalyst is required, which is not conducive to industrial production.
2. Plasma method
The plasma method is a method of preparing nanodiamonds in a gas environment. This method involves ionizing carbon atoms in gas under high temperature and high pressure conditions to form a plasma. Then, under a magnetic field, the carbon atoms in the plasma are brought together to form nanodiamonds. The advantage of the plasma method is that the nanodiamond produced has high purity and small particle size. The disadvantage is that the equipment cost is high, and a large amount of non-oxidizing catalyst is required, Which is not conducive to industrial production
3. Chemical vapor deposition method
Chemical vapor deposition is a method for preparing nanodiamonds in a gas-phase environment. This method forms nanodiamonds by reacting carbon-containing gases (such as methane) and hydrogen at high temperatures. The benefit of the chemical vapor deposition method is that the nanodiamond produced has high purity and small particle size. The disadvantage is that the equipment cost is high, and a large amount of non-oxidizing catalyst is required, which is not conducive to industrial production.
4. Mechanical alloying method
Mechanical alloying is a method of preparing nanodiamonds through mechanical force. This method mixes carbon sources such as graphite with metal or non-metal powder and then performs mechanical alloying treatment under high temperature and high pressure conditions to form nanodiamonds. The advantage of the mechanical alloying method is that the nanodiamond produced has high purity and small particle size. The disadvantage is that the equipment cost is high, and a large amount of non-oxidizing catalyst is required, which is not conducive to industrial production.
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Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted major attention in the last decade for their unique properties and promise for next generation electronics and energy conversion devices. The discovery of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) in particular has inspired a fervent search for other 2D materials with unexpected and useful properties.
Hexagonal boron nitride 2d is a layered material with a honeycomb structure that strongly resembles graphite. Hexagonal boron atomic layers are covalently bonded to one another in the basal planes and weakly interact with each other in the interlayers, known as the van der Waals forces. This unusually strong intra-layer bonding reduces electron delocalization and makes h-BN one of the best electrical insulators. Its low dielectric constant and high temperature stability make it a promising candidate for next-generation nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, and electrocatalysis.
The crystal structure of h-BN is isostructural with diamond and graphite. The cubic form of boron nitride (c-BN) is less stable than the hexagonal h-BN, but the conversion rate between the two forms is negligible at room temperature. Cubic BN and hex-h-BN are also isomorphous with carbon materials such as ternary tungsten carbide (W-C).
2D-hBN has several intriguing intrinsic properties that are of great interest for various applications. These include resistance to oxidation, extreme mechanical hardness, high thermal conductivity, photoluminescence and chemical inertness. In addition, it has a high surface energy that enables facile functionalization with organic molecules. This article provides a systematic elaboration of the physics and engineering of 2D-hBN and reviews state-of-the-art synthesis methods including mechanical exfoliation, liquid exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, ion insertion and pulsed laser deposition.
