Graphite, Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) are some of the most common types of solid lubricants. These materials can be mined or created and can be used as additives in fluid lubricants or dry film bonded coatings on components that need continuous lubrication. The lubricating properties of these materials are based on their lamellar structure which prevents contact between surfaces and reduces friction. They are able to operate in high temperatures and under pressures with low shear strength and chemical degradation – making them useful for applications where conventional lubricants would degrade or fail.

While the material selection for solid lubricants is relatively simple, determining how to apply them is much more complex. When solid lubricants are used in dry form they require special application methods that ensure the coating remains on the contacting surfaces. Depending on the lubricant, the coating can be applied by spraying, dipping or brushing.

For lubrication of moving parts that are inaccessible after assembly a dry film lubricant can be sprayed on and then dried at room temperature. This type of lubricant is also sometimes referred to as black paste. Black pastes contain a higher percentage of MoS2 and are generally used for lubrication under high loads.

Plasma nitriding is another process commonly used to lubricate mechanical equipment. This modification of the surface of the component increases its hardness and ductility, which makes it better able to absorb strain. This decrease in deformation allows any lubricant or coating to remain on the contact area longer, increasing wear resistance and extending the life of the equipment. Whether a lubricant is applied to a surface using nitriding, plasma arc or conventional methods, it requires careful attention to cure conditions. An improper cure temperature can cause the lubricant to oxidize and affect its performance.