Choosing the best friction modifier is crucial. Not only do you want to ensure that the oil you use is high quality, but you also want to make sure that you're getting the most out of your engine.

Adding a friction modifier can reduce friction between metal surfaces in your engine. This reduces wear and tear, which increases fuel economy. It can also increase oil fluidity, which helps to avoid wear and tear. It can be found in a variety of applications, including automatic transmission fluids and engine oils.

There are a number of different types of friction modifiers available, but the most common is the moly oil additive. This is an organic molybdenum compound that has excellent anti-friction properties. It is added to the oil to reduce the friction coefficient of moving contact parts.

Another type of additive is the chemical reaction film. These films have excellent anti-friction properties and can be used to improve extreme pressure. They also have good shear performance, which can help to lower friction.

In addition to lowering friction, these chemicals can also reduce energy loss, which will ultimately lead to better fuel economy. These products are typically used in automatic transmission fluids, but they can also be used in non-synchronized manual transmissions. They can be used to improve the overall performance of an engine, but they'll need to be adjusted to higher temperatures. This can be tricky because the molybdenum in these materials is tightly bonded to the metal surface.

Graphite grease is a type of liquid lubricant. It is used for a variety of applications, including open gears, plungers, and guides. The graphite in the grease is designed to cling to the surface.

Graphite is a mineral made of pure carbon. It has a metallic luster and is silvery black in color. Its structure is characterized by hexagonal sets of six carbon atoms. It is a strong conductor of electricity, and is a good lubricant. Graphite is widely used in the aerospace industry for lubrication of components. It is also used to lubricate ball bearings and firearms in sandy environments.

In order to use graphite as a lubricant, you must be sure to apply it often. If you do not, the excess graphite will mix with contaminants. This can lead to galvanic corrosion. It can also affect the way the graphite binds to the surface.

Another method of using graphite is by applying it with a solvent. This makes it easy to reach tight spots. It can also solve problems with contaminates. However, it must be mixed with a fast-evaporating solvent.

This method of lubrication is not as effective as wet application, but it is still better for many purposes. It lasts longer and outlasts wet-film lubricants. This is particularly true for applications where a sticky film is not desired. It is also much easier to clean up, because it can be brushed or rolled off the surface.

Whether you choose graphite grease or a liquid lubricant, be sure to choose a brand that is compatible with your application. The right type of lubricant can make a huge difference in the life of your parts.

What is solid lubricant?

Solid lubricant is sprayed, dipped, brushed, sputtered, or chemical conversion methods are used to directly form a solid lubricating film on the friction surface, or the solid lubricant powder is directly added to the matrix material to make a self-lubricating composite material. This is an effective way to solve the problem of lubrication of special parts on aircraft, spacecraft and missiles.

Solid lubricants are suitable for parts where the temperature is higher than 250°C and the grease cannot be retained on the working surface, low-speed and heavy-load sliding friction parts, parts that may produce fretting abrasion, and contact with oxidants, propellants and other corrosive substances The parts that work under high vacuum and ultra-low temperature conditions. The main materials of solid lubricants are graphite, fluorinated graphite, molybdenum disulfide and polytetrafluoroethylene.

The solid lubricant refers to a layer of solid material with low shear resistance used to separate the surfaces of the friction pair. For this type of material, in addition to requiring low shear resistance, it should also have a strong bonding force with the substrate surface. This means that the load is borne by the substrate, and the relative movement occurs in the solid lubricant.

Advantages of solid lubricants

The advantage of using solid lubricants is: the operating temperature range of lubricating grease is generally -60℃～+350℃, beyond this temperature range, the lubricating grease will be powerless, while the solid lubricant can give full play to its effectiveness; the load-bearing capacity of lubricating grease The ability is far inferior to that of solid lubricants; in high vacuum, strong radiation, active or inert gas environments, and in water or sea water and other fluids, lubricating greases are prone to failure, and solid lubricants are also needed; solid lubricants are stored, During transportation and use, pollution to the environment and products is much less than that of lubricating grease; solid lubricants are also particularly suitable for food and textile industries that require non-toxic, odorless, and do not affect the color of products; the ageing of solid lubricants The change is small and the storage is more convenient. However, the shortcomings of solid lubricants are also very prominent. For example, once the lubricating film fails, it is difficult to regenerate; generally speaking, its friction factor is greater than that of lubricating grease; the heat on the friction interface is not easily taken away or dissipated; it is easy to generate debris , Vibration and noise, etc.

Commonly used solid lubricants include: layered solid materials (such as graphite, molybdenum disulfide, boron nitride, etc.), other inorganic compounds (such as lithium fluoride, calcium fluoride, lead oxide, lead sulfide, etc.), soft metals (such as Lead, indium, tin, gold, silver, cadmium, etc.), high molecular polymers (such as nylon, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, etc.) and composite materials.

Infomak is dedicated to the technology development of special oil additives, combined the Technology of nanomaterials developed dry lubricant and oil additives two series. Our products can significantly improve the performance of lubricating oil, improve energy efficiency, effectively protect the lubrication device and extend the oil change cycle, which can satisfy the lubrication oil constantly upgrading for high-end engine oil additives. Contact us.

Why can graphite be lubricated?

Graphite is widely used in our lives at present. It is mentioned that graphite can be lubricated. Indeed, graphite can be lubricated, so why can it be lubricated? What is the reason? Let us first take a look at the characteristics of graphite: graphite has a flaky crystal structure and good lubricating properties. It also has good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, wear resistance, pressure resistance, temperature resistance (temperature up to 450 ℃) and chemical stability, so graphite is widely used in the machinery industry to make various lubricants.

Excellent high temperature resistance and oxidation stability, extremely long high temperature service life; excellent extreme pressure anti-wear performance and adhesion, low friction coefficient, strong load-bearing capacity; excellent mechanical stability and chemical stability, resistance to water vapor, Resistant to weak acid and alkali corrosion; excellent resistance to water leaching and water erosion, can provide rust and corrosion protection in harsh environments.

Graphite grease is a kind of graphite grease refined from synthetic ester oils thickened by inorganic thickeners and added with ultra-fine graphite powder, anti-oxidation, anti-corrosion and other additives. This ultra-high temperature grease will slowly volatilize the base oil when the temperature is above 200℃, and graphite will adhere to the lubricating surface to form solid lubrication. It is specially used for the lubrication of high temperature friction parts and bearings under heavy load/impact load or humid/polluted environment. Maximum rust and corrosion protection. Applicable temperature range: -20～+450°C, the highest intermittent temperature resistance can reach 500°C.

Suitable for lubrication, rust prevention and corrosion protection of low-speed, high-temperature and heavy-duty friction components, such as bearings, bushings, gears, chains, turntables, guide rails, fasteners, couplings and automobile leaf springs; DN value 40,000 The following roller bearings (such as support frames and bearings for drying furnaces, incinerators, and quenching furnaces), the lubrication of metal bogies in kiln tunnels, are suitable for the lubrication of equipment in contact with acid, alkali and humid environments.

Infomak is dedicated to the technology development of special oil additives, combined the Technology of nanomaterials developed dry lubricant and oil additives two series. Our products can significantly improve the performance of lubricating oil, improve energy efficiency, effectively protect the lubrication device and extend the oil change cycle, which can satisfy the lubrication oil constantly upgrading for high-end engine oil additives. Contact us.

Graphite is divided into two types, one is natural graphite; the other is artificial graphite. Although with the improvement of manufacturing technology, the function of artificial graphite is no less than that of natural graphite in many cases, but in some fields, natural graphite has always maintained a unique advantage. 

Among natural graphite resources, flake graphite (crystalline graphite) has small reserves and high value. It has good electrical and thermal conductivity, lubricity and oxidation resistance. It is widely used in metallurgy, machinery, chemical industry, refractory materials, aerospace and other industries. , Is one of the non-metallic materials indispensable for the development of today's high-tech.

Natural flake graphite peeling

The flake graphite structure is flake-like and has good surface properties, which makes it have good natural floatability and is one of the most floatable minerals in nature. According to the size of the flakes, graphite flakes can be divided into large flake graphite (with a particle size of 0.3mm, 0.18mm, 0.15mm) and fine flake graphite (with a particle size of less than 0.15mm). However, in comparison, large flake graphite has more advantages in the market and application, and the price of large flake graphite of the same grade is much higher than that of fine flake graphite.

Closely related to graphite applications is the purity of graphite. It can be said that technical purification is the prerequisite for the processing of graphite raw materials into graphite materials. Afterwards, according to the field of application, graphite needs to be reprocessed in terms of particle size, morphology or performance. Specific purification operations.

1. Graphene

Graphene is a carbon material with a very high specific surface area and wide application potential. It has significant advantages over other products in terms of specific capacity, cost, and lifespan. Its raw materials are mainly related to product types and preparation methods.

For example, the raw materials of mechanical exfoliation method, epitaxial growth method, and graphite oxide reduction method are all natural flake (crystalline) graphite, among which large flake graphite is more conducive to the formation of graphene; while the raw material of graphene film prepared by vapor deposition method contains Carbon gas has nothing to do with graphite.

2. Expanded graphite

As a new type of functional carbon material, expanded graphite (EG) is a loose, porous, worm-like substance obtained from natural graphite flakes through intercalation, washing, drying, and high temperature expansion. Large flake graphite and fine particles must be used for production Grades cannot be used or are difficult to use.

In addition to the excellent properties of natural graphite, such as resistance to cold and heat, corrosion resistance, and self-lubrication, EG also has softness, compression resilience, adsorption, ecological environment coordination, biocompatibility, and radiation resistance that natural graphite does not have. And other characteristics. It has a wide range of uses. It can be used as fireproof fillers, medical dressings, and can also be processed into flexible graphite for sealing materials.

3. Refractory materials

Flake graphite itself has excellent thermal shock resistance and slag erosion resistance. After being made into products, it also has the properties of high temperature resistance and high strength. It is widely used in advanced refractory materials and coatings in the metallurgical industry, such as in steelmaking. Protective agent for steel ingots, lining of metallurgical furnaces, magnesia carbon bricks, crucibles, etc. However, it should be noted that it is best to use large flake graphite when manufacturing crucibles.

4. Lubricating material

The good lubricity of graphite materials comes from the graphite crystal structure. Among them, the lubricity of large flake graphite is better than that of fine flake graphite. The larger the graphite flakes, the lower the friction coefficient and the better the lubricity. Flake graphite is often used as a lubricant in the machinery industry. The graphite milk produced by deep processing is a good lubricant for many metal processing (wire drawing, pipe drawing).

In addition, lubricating oil will be greatly reduced when used under high-speed, high-temperature, and high-pressure conditions, while graphite wear-resistant materials can work without lubricating oil at temperatures of 200 to 2000℃ and high speeds. In many equipment that transports corrosive media, graphite materials are also widely used to make piston cups, seals and bearings, so there is no need to add lubricating oil during operation.

Infomak is dedicated to the technology development of special oil additives, combined the Technology of nanomaterials developed dry lubricant and oil additives two series. Our products can significantly improve the performance of lubricating oil, improve energy efficiency, effectively protect the lubrication device and extend the oil change cycle, which can satisfy the lubrication oil constantly upgrading for high-end engine oil additives. Contact us.

What is tungsten disulfide WS2?

As a new type of solid lubricating material, tungsten disulfide has excellent lubricating properties and environmental strain capacity, and is a lubricating material for high-end precision industries. Tungsten disulfide has a layered hexagonal crystal structure. The W and S elements in the layer are combined by covalent bonds, and the molecular bonds formed by SS between the layers are combined. Because the latter has a low bond energy, it is easy to slip during friction. , So it has a lower coefficient of friction.

The properties of tungsten disulfide WS2

Studies have shown that the W element in tungsten disulfide has an empty orbital in the 4f electron layer, and the nano-tungsten disulfide powder has a larger specific surface area. The two work together to make it easier for tungsten disulfide to be adsorbed on the metal surface. , Its better performance provides favorable conditions. Tungsten disulfide is suitable for lubrication under various harsh conditions such as high temperature, heavy load, high pressure, high vacuum, high speed, high radiation, strong corrosion and ultra-low temperature. It is used in aviation, aerospace and The defense industry and other fields have important application value.

Most paired with tungsten disulfide WS2 are high temperature lithium grease. Lithium grease is made of natural fatty acid (stearic acid or 12-hydroxystearic acid) lithium soap, thickened medium viscosity mineral lubricating oil or synthetic lubricating oil, added with antioxidants, rust inhibitors and extreme pressure It becomes a multi-effect long-life general-purpose grease after it is applied, which can replace calcium-based grease and sodium-based grease, and is used for bearing lubrication of aircraft, automobiles, tanks, machine tools and various mechanical equipment. Undoubtedly, lithium-based grease (oil) is an ideal carrier for tungsten disulfide. Adding tungsten disulfide lubrication to high-temperature lithium-based grease (oil) can greatly improve the lubricating performance.

How much is the performance of grease (oil) added with tungsten disulfide?

According to the method, a four-ball friction tester is used to test the bearing capacity of the grease. In the test, it was found that tungsten disulfide has advantages.

1. Bearing capacity, WS2 additives can improve the bearing capacity of grease. Among them, the grease containing 2% WS2 additive in terms of maximum seizure load (PB) is 112.8% higher than that of base grease. ) Is 84.3% higher than the base fat.

2. Friction coefficient: Compared with the base grease, the addition of WS2 additives can effectively reduce the friction coefficient. The grease containing 2% WS2 by mass is the best. The average friction coefficient is 0.115, which is 17.3% lower than the base grease. If WS2 is added in a large amount, a very dense chemical reaction film is gradually formed on the surface of the friction pair, and the hardness of the surface layer is too high, resulting in adhesive wear.

3. Wear volume, the effect of different mass fractions of WS2 powder as a grease additive on wear performance. The lithium-based grease containing 2% WS2 has the best anti-wear performance. The wear scar diameter is 0.450 mm, which is 46.8% lower than that of the base grease.

The role of tungsten disulfide WS2 in lithium-based grease compound

Through research, it can be found that tungsten disulfide plays a vital role in the lithium-based grease compound. In the friction process, tungsten disulfide powder can exert a nano-scale effect to adsorb and deposit in the pits of the friction pair, thereby acting as a surface Repairing effect; At the same time, under high temperature and high load conditions, a WS2 nanoparticle penetration layer is formed, and the tungsten disulfide nanopowder chemically reacts with the surface of the friction pair to form a chemical protective film containing WO3 and Fe3O4, thereby enhancing the lubricating effect. That is why tungsten disulfide WS2 can become a lubricating material for high-end precision industries.

Infomak is dedicated to the technology development of special oil additives, combined the Technology of nanomaterials developed dry lubricant and oil additives two series. Our products can significantly improve the performance of lubricating oil, improve energy efficiency, effectively protect the lubrication device and extend the oil change cycle, which can satisfy the lubrication oil constantly upgrading for high-end engine oil additives. Contact us.

Product Description of molybdenum disulfide MoS2

Molybdenum disulfide powder is a solid powder made from natural molybdenum concentrate after purification. The color is black with a silvery gray color, has a metallic luster, and feels slippery to the touch. It is insoluble in water, non-toxic and non-flammable.

Temperature of molybdenum disulfide MoS2

Molybdenum disulfide starts to slowly oxidize at 400°C, and its oxidation product is molybdenum trioxide. The higher the heating temperature, the greater the amount of oxidation; the longer the heating time at a certain temperature, the greater the amount of oxidation.

Granularity:

The oxidation amount of molybdenum disulfide is also closely related to its particle size. The smaller the particle size, the greater the oxidation amount at a certain temperature and the same time.

Humidity of molybdenum disulfide MoS2

Humidity also has a great influence on the oxidation of molybdenum disulfide. Molybdenum disulfide is gradually oxidized at a certain temperature, and the participation of water can promote the oxidation of molybdenum disulfide.

Scope of application of molybdenum disulfide MoS2

1. Used to improve the sliding characteristics of machine parts, equipment and precision parts, especially for highly precise machined surfaces;

2. Used to fuse plastics, seals, packaging, and sintered metals to improve sliding characteristics;

3. For long-term lubrication or to provide life-long lubrication.

Advantages and utility

Reduce wear and friction, excellent extreme pressure resistance;

Molybdenum disulfide has a strong affinity for metals, so the effect is significant;

3. The sliding film is extremely thin to achieve minimum consumption;

4. Electrically, it has non-conductive and non-magnetized characteristics;

5. Chemically stable, but not resistant to halogen gas, concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid.

Simple method to distinguish molybdenum disulfide

Look at the color of molybdenum disulfide MoS2

Molybdenum disulfide is silver black with metallic luster; graphite is jet black with no metallic luster;

Touch:

Observe the adhesion of the powder on the hand: Molybdenum disulfide has better film-forming properties than graphite. After twisting, more powder is attached to the hand, while graphite is less attached;

Hydrophilicity of molybdenum disulfide MoS2

Molybdenum disulfide is insoluble in water. Pour molybdenum disulfide into water and stir thoroughly. After standing for a period of time, there will be oily film-like substances on the water surface. Graphite is more hydrophilic. Pour into water and stir well. After standing for a period of time, graphite Will sink and layer.

High temperature firing (above 400℃) of molybdenum disulfide MoS2

The color of the powder changes from black to white or yellow (yellow when molybdenum trioxide is heated, and white when cooled), then it is molybdenum disulfide.

Infomak is dedicated to the technology development of special oil additives, combined the Technology of nanomaterials developed dry lubricant and oil additives two series. Our products can significantly improve the performance of lubricating oil, improve energy efficiency, effectively protect the lubrication device and extend the oil change cycle, which can satisfy the lubrication oil constantly upgrading for high-end engine oil additives. Contact us.

Tungsten disulfide WS2, molybdenum disulfide MoS2, and graphite are all two-dimensional layered materials, all of which have excellent optical, electrical, magnetic, mechanical and thermal properties, and are therefore popular among researchers in many fields. For example, in the field of energy storage, tungsten disulfide, molybdenum disulfide and graphite can all be used to produce lithium-ion battery anode materials, but due to their different physical and chemical properties, the performance of the prepared products also varies. The main differences are the capacity, thermal stability, charge and discharge rate performance of the material.

In addition to the performance differences in the table, their lubrication performance, production process, coating application and other aspects are also inconsistent.

Lubrication performance

Graphite: The base oil will slowly volatilize when the temperature is above 200℃ or high temperature, and graphite will form solid lubrication, which is specially used for the lubrication of high temperature friction parts and bearings under heavy load/impact load or humid/polluted environment, and provides maximum Rust and corrosion protection.

Molybdenum disulfide MoS2: Moly Grease containing molybdenum disulfide (Moly Grease) has superior anti-wear, extreme pressure and lubricating properties than graphite grease. In some harsh, heavy-duty gears and bearings, and parts with impact loads, the effect of using molybdenum disulfide grease is better than using graphite grease.

Tungsten disulfide WS2: The friction factor is slightly lower than that of MoS2, and the thermal stability is higher; for sliding friction parts under special working conditions, the application of WS2 can exert its better effect than MoS2.

Production process

Artificial graphite: powdered high-quality calcined petroleum coke is used as the main raw material, bitumen is added as a binder, and a small amount of other auxiliary materials are added; after the various raw materials are matched, they are pressed into a shape, and then non-oxidized at an appropriate temperature Treat it in a mild atmosphere to graphitize it to obtain artificial graphite.

Molybdenum disulfide: it can be prepared by natural method, namely molybdenite concentrate purification method, which is to remove the acid insoluble matter, SiO2, Fe in molybdenite concentrate through certain physical and chemical action of high-quality molybdenum concentrate , Cu, Ca, Pb and other impurities, and then further refined to obtain nano-MoS2.

Tungsten disulfide: Tungstic acid reacts with ammonia water under stirring at 57～60℃ for 3 hours, keeps warm and naturally settles for more than 16h, and the generated ammonium tungstate reacts with hydrogen sulfide gas to generate ammonium tetrathiotungstate after high temperature roasting and decomposition into Tungsten disulfide.

Coating application

Under normal temperature conditions, WS2 coating is inferior to MoS2 coating on the metal substrate; under high temperature conditions, the friction performance of WS2 coating is worse than MoS2 solid lubricating coating.

Infomak is dedicated to the technology development of special oil additives, combined the Technology of nanomaterials developed dry lubricant and oil additives two series. Our products can significantly improve the performance of lubricating oil, improve energy efficiency, effectively protect the lubrication device and extend the oil change cycle, which can satisfy the lubrication oil constantly upgrading for high-end engine oil additives. Contact us.