What is solid lubricant?

Solid lubricant is sprayed, dipped, brushed, sputtered, or chemical conversion methods are used to directly form a solid lubricating film on the friction surface, or the solid lubricant powder is directly added to the matrix material to make a self-lubricating composite material. This is an effective way to solve the problem of lubrication of special parts on aircraft, spacecraft and missiles.

Solid lubricants are suitable for parts where the temperature is higher than 250°C and the grease cannot be retained on the working surface, low-speed and heavy-load sliding friction parts, parts that may produce fretting abrasion, and contact with oxidants, propellants and other corrosive substances The parts that work under high vacuum and ultra-low temperature conditions. The main materials of solid lubricants are graphite, fluorinated graphite, molybdenum disulfide and polytetrafluoroethylene.

The solid lubricant refers to a layer of solid material with low shear resistance used to separate the surfaces of the friction pair. For this type of material, in addition to requiring low shear resistance, it should also have a strong bonding force with the substrate surface. This means that the load is borne by the substrate, and the relative movement occurs in the solid lubricant.

Advantages of solid lubricants

The advantage of using solid lubricants is: the operating temperature range of lubricating grease is generally -60℃～+350℃, beyond this temperature range, the lubricating grease will be powerless, while the solid lubricant can give full play to its effectiveness; the load-bearing capacity of lubricating grease The ability is far inferior to that of solid lubricants; in high vacuum, strong radiation, active or inert gas environments, and in water or sea water and other fluids, lubricating greases are prone to failure, and solid lubricants are also needed; solid lubricants are stored, During transportation and use, pollution to the environment and products is much less than that of lubricating grease; solid lubricants are also particularly suitable for food and textile industries that require non-toxic, odorless, and do not affect the color of products; the ageing of solid lubricants The change is small and the storage is more convenient. However, the shortcomings of solid lubricants are also very prominent. For example, once the lubricating film fails, it is difficult to regenerate; generally speaking, its friction factor is greater than that of lubricating grease; the heat on the friction interface is not easily taken away or dissipated; it is easy to generate debris , Vibration and noise, etc.

Commonly used solid lubricants include: layered solid materials (such as graphite, molybdenum disulfide, boron nitride, etc.), other inorganic compounds (such as lithium fluoride, calcium fluoride, lead oxide, lead sulfide, etc.), soft metals (such as Lead, indium, tin, gold, silver, cadmium, etc.), high molecular polymers (such as nylon, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, etc.) and composite materials.

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