Graphite powder has a flaky crystal structure and excellent lubricity. And also has good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, anti-wear, extreme pressure, temperature resistance (temperature up to 450 ℃) and chemical stability, and other characteristics, so graphite powder is widely used in the machinery industry to make a variety of lubricants.

As lubricant, the graphite powder fine particles are evenly distributed in water, oil, or other media to form a stable gel. It can be directly applied to the parts that need lubrication by rubbing, dipping, or spraying. It can be added to various lubricant and used in combination. It is in contact with the metal surface, not only can form a robust lubricating film, but also improve the wetting performance of the metal surface to other lubricant oil, thereby maintaining long-term lubrication. Besides, because graphite powder exists as pleasant particles, it is easy to penetrate closely matching sliding or rotating parts and play a functional role in lubrication.

Graphite has a hexagonal crystal structure. Because the bonding force between the planes parallel to the base plane is weak, these crystals are natural to shear between the aircraft, that is, the friction is small, and they can support the load perpendicular to the base plane. It has the best properties as a dry lubricant.

Graphite powder, as dry lubricant, can be splash-lubricated in the form of dry powder. It can be used as an additive to make water and oil agents. It can also be combined with other materials to form a composite material for lubrication in transmission — wear-resistant parts.

Graphite powder lubricant can be divided into three types: water agent, colloidal graphite and micronized graphite powder, and its usage is as follows:

(1) Particle graphite powder

Apply directly to the rotating or sliding part, or mix it into the medium, such as kerosene, gasoline or light mineral oil, and phenolic resin or water glass, and spray or dip the part to be lubricated or covered. It depends on needs, generally 10% ~ 20%.

The graphite powder is put into the gearbox, and the powder flies up due to the stirring action of the gear and enters into various friction parts to form dust lubrication. Dust-type lubrication has been applied in the transmission and rear axle differential gearboxes of automobile chassis and has achieved absolute results.

Dust-type lubrication is relatively simple, as long as the solid lubricant powder is poured into the gearbox. During use, the solid lubricant film can be replenished continuously and automatically. And it can run for a long time without manual film protection, and maintenance is relatively simple.

(2) Oil lubricant

It can be directly added to the lubricating oil used in the original lubricating system and used in combination. The amount of use depends on the needs, generally about 2 ~ 10%.

When graphite powder is dispersed in lubricating oil, its lubricity depends not only on the lubricating properties of graphite but also on the performance of the lubricating oil. The test proves that the lubricating film composed of stone tools has the best lubricating performance if it contains 7 to 8 times the amount of lubricating oil of the stone tools. The particle size of graphite dispersed in lubricating oil should be comprehensively considered according to the requirements of use. Generally, 4 to 10 μm particles are often used, because the abrasive wear of 4 to 5 μm is the smallest, and the abrasive wear of 1 μm or less and 150 μm or more is the largest.

(3) Water agent

Graphite powder is directly added to water or emulsified, cutting fluid for use. The amount used depends on the needs, generally about 5-10%.

A suspension of graphite powder dispersed in water, oil, or solvents, commonly used as a lubricant release agent for metal thermoplastic pressure processing. As a friction modifier, graphite can increase the bearing capacity, wear resistance and heat resistance, etc., and has excellent high-temperature adhesion. Graphite milk made of graphite with an average particle size of 10 μm is applied to hot forging, which can be used above 500℃and can be used for forging to 800 ℃ for a short time.

For example, graphite milk is essential in the drawing of tungsten wires. The quality of graphite milk directly affects the quality of tungsten wire (consistent wire diameter and surface defects, etc.) and the wear of drawn diamond die holes. Before pulling, the graphite emulsion is coated on the surface of the drawn tungsten wire in advance and then passed through a heating furnace (the furnace temperature is between 500 and 850 ℃) at a speed of 30 to 70 μm/min. Then the drawing process is completed through a diamond die hole.

Infomak is dedicated to the technology development of special oil additives, combined the Technology of nanomaterials developed dry lubricant and oil additives two series. Our products can significantly improve the performance of lubricating oil, improve energy efficiency, effectively protect the lubrication device and extend the oil change cycle, which can satisfy the lubrication oil constantly upgrading for high-end engine oil additives. If you are looking for graphite powder, please contact us.

Friction is standard on two surfaces that are in contact with each other and move with each other. The mechanical motion resistance caused by friction will cause energy loss, as well as surface wear. In severe cases, it will even cause wear and tear of parts and components. At present, about one-third of the world's total energy is consumed by friction. To reduce friction and energy consumption, the world is vigorously developing various lubrication materials. Molybdenum-containing lubricating materials have excellent friction properties due to their ability to form complex Mo-containing lubricant films on friction surfaces and have been widely used worldwide. China is the country with the most significant molybdenum production, and molybdenum production ranks second in the world.

Among the molybdenum type lubricating materials, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) was the earliest used. MoS2 is a solid lubricant. As the first generation of molybdenum-containing grease, its graphite-like layered structure and weak Van der Waals force between layers make it have excellent anti-friction performance. However, MoS2 is susceptible to precipitation in oil, so it cannot be used as an oil additive. The second and third generation of molybdenum-containing additives is oil-soluble organic molybdenum. This lubricant can dissolve evenly in the oil and stably disperse. It solves the problem of solubility in oil and becomes the ideal oil additive. Among them, the second generation is molybdenum dialkyl dithiophosphate (MoDDP). This organic molybdenum can significantly reduce friction and wear in lubricating oils, reduce wear by more than 50% in base oils, and also in refined oils. It can play a significant anti-wear effect. However, MoDDP contains phosphorus, which causes pollution to the environment and damages vehicle engines. To reduce the toxicity of phosphorus to engine catalysts, in the GF-4 specification issued by the International Committee for Standardization and Demonstration of Lubricants, the phosphorus content is required to be no more than 0.08%. The GF-5 introduced at the end of 2009 introduced a phosphorus volatility test Procedure III GB test puts forward higher requirements for phosphorus content.

For this reason, a third-generation molybdenum lubricant appeared, which was a Molybdenum dialkyl dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) obtained by dephosphorizing and introducing amino groups (NH2) based on the second generation. This organic molybdenum has the function of anti-oxidation and particular anti-corrosion ability while maintaining the anti-friction and anti-wear properties. It can cooperate with other functional additives such as QDDP, detergent, dispersant. Studies have shown that oil-soluble organic molybdenum, as a highly effective lubricant additive, has a better friction reduction effect than the traditional QDD additives. At the same time, with the development of industry and environmental requirements, organic molybdenum additives are also continuously developing towards higher performance and low phosphorus and sulfur.

A large number of experiments have confirmed that organic molybdenum as the friction-reducing anti-wearing agent has strong adaptability, is widely used, can be added to a variety of lubricants and greases, and can be used for various friction pairs. In addition to conventional mineral oils such as 150SN and liquid paraffin, the molybdenum oil additive has excellent performance in synthetic oils such as PAO, polyether oil, and various vegetable oils. In addition to being mainly used in motor oil, it can also be used in rolling fluid In the grease of the vehicle chassis. Organic molybdenum additives have friction-reducing effects on friction pairs of various materials, such as alloy steel, phosphor bronze, and different diamond-like coatings.

Infomak is dedicated to the technology development of special oil additives, combined the Technology of nanomaterials developed dry lubricant and oil additives two series. Our products can significantly improve the performance of lubricating oil, improve energy efficiency, effectively protect the lubrication device and extend the oil change cycle, which can satisfy the lubrication oil constantly upgrading for high-end engine oil additives. Contact us.

Lubricating oil by base oil and engine oil additives, commonly used lubricating oil lubricant additives according to its function, can be divided into detergent, dispersant, antioxidant, anti-wear agent and a friction modifier, etc. Engine oil additives can improve the performance of some of the internal combustion engine oil, such as clean dispersion properties, oxidation resistance, and anti-wear performance, etc., to meet the high load and high power internal combustion engine requirements for domestic combustion engine oil. Different engine oil additives in lubricating oil interactions, some interaction needed to make nature were strengthened, called a synergistic effect. Some interactions weaken the required properties and are called antagonistic impact.In the formulation of lubricating oil, the synergistic effect between additives should be made as far as possible to avoid the antagonistic impact, to reduce the number of additives, and improve the quality of lubricating oil.

Dialkyl disulfide generation of zinc phosphate (ZDDP) is a kind of multiple effect additive, anti-wear, antioxidant, corrosion resistance and performance, and it can effectively prevent engine bearing corrosion due to the high-temperature oxidation and make the oil viscosity increase, is one of the most commonly used lubricating oil lubricant additives, also is a kind of significant influence the properties of lubricating oil anti-wear lubricant additives.ZDDP oil additive is by far the most successful lubricant additives.ZDDP since the 1940 s to successful development, it has been as a kind of efficient lubricant additives used today.ZDDP oil additive is an indispensable additive in engine oils.

Other lubricant additives and ZDDP oil compound with action research

Organic molybdenum friction modifier has excellent anti-friction properties but also has specific anti-wear properties and antioxidant properties. The commonly used organic molybdenum friction modifier in internal combustion engine oil mainly includes molybdenum dialkyl dithiophosphate (MoDTP) and molybdenum dialkyl dithiocarbamate (MoDTC). The combined use of MoDTC and ZDDP results in a synergistic effect and significantly improved wear resistance. However, there is no apparent synergistic effect between MoDTP and ZDDP.

Different detergents and ZDDP have different effects on the wear resistance. Calcium sulfide alkylphenol and magnesium salicylate combined with ZDDP improved the wear resistance of oil. In contrast, calcium alkyl salicylate of medium alkali value and magnesium sulfonate of high alkali value combined with ZDDP decreased the wear resistance of oil. The dispersant of succinimide increased the chemical activity of ZDDP so that the surface reaction was more comfortable to carry out at the same temperature, and the reaction surface film generated at the same time had better temperature tolerance. The combination of succinimide and ZDDP improved the anti-wear performance of the oil. Motor oil with zinc-containing different types of dispersants had a different anti-wear performance. Oil containing polymer succinimide had the best anti-wear performance, followed by oil containing monosuccinimide, and oil-containing boride succinimide had the worst anti-wear performance. The combination of organic molybdenum anti-friction agent and ZDDP can improve the anti-wear property of oil. The improvement of wear resistance of organic molybdenum friction modifier and ZDDP compound was also related to their relevant content.

ZDDP oil is added as an antioxidant oil, so why are antioxidants added to lubricants?

With the rapid development of machinery industry and high-end equipment manufacturing industry, the use of ZDDP series and other antioxidant and anti-corrosion agents has been unable to meet the antioxidant performance requirements of high-end lubricants, and a variety of excellent shielding phenolic, amine, heterocyclic and other new ash-free antioxidant additives research and product applications develop rapidly.

What is the reason for the addition of antioxidants to lubricating oil?

Engines fueled by fuel oil, kerosene, gasoline, natural gas or human-made gas, liquefied gas, etc. must use lubricants (such as paraffin-based lubricants) to lubricate their moving parts. Lubricating oil in use to contact with air, all kinds of machinery and equipment will generate heat, make the friction parts operation temperature, besides, the apparatus of all types of metal material, such as copper, iron, etc. all can play a catalytic role in accelerating the oxidation of oil, is ultimately lubricating oil viscosity increased, generate acid corrosion of metal material, also makes a variety of carbon precipitation form or shape of asphalt material such as film block pipeline. All these changes have adversely affected the continued use of oil products and the regular operation of equipment. Therefore, oil is required to have a better antioxidant and anti-corrosion effect. The purpose of adding anti-oxygen and anti-corrosion additives to oil products is to inhibit the oxidation process of oil products, the catalytic effect of passivation metal on oxidation, and to prolong the use of oil products and protect the machine.

Infomak is dedicated to the technology development of special oil additives, combined the Technology of nanomaterials developed dry lubricant and oil additives two series. Our products can significantly improve the performance of lubricating oil, improve energy efficiency, effectively protect the lubrication device and extend the oil change cycle, which can satisfy the lubrication oil constantly upgrading for high-end engine oil additives. Contact us.

Molybdenum compound friction modifier occupies a significant place in numerous lubricating materials is due to its excellent tribological performance, can significantly improve the antiwear and friction-reducing lubricant, reducing friction and wear on the surface of the friction pair, show excellent high temperature oxidation resistance, and also can improve the mechanical efficiency of the engine, significantly improve vehicle fuel economy. The most commonly used molybdenum-containing compounds are: molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), oil-soluble dialkyl dithiocarbamate oxysulfide molybdenum (MoDTC) and dialkyl dithiophosphate oxysulfide molybdenum (MoDTP).With the rapid development of related industries ，such as the automobile industry, ship industry, and petroleum industry, the consumption of molybdenum products is rising rapidly, and the variety is increasing.

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), as grease lubricant used for over 70 years of history, is one of the most widely used stable oils.Natural MoS2 is a layered structure, and the S atom binding force between layers is weak, so it is easy to slide and shows a good anti-friction effect. On the other hand, the ionic bond between Mo and S atoms gives the MoS2 lubrication film a higher strength, which can prevent the lubrication film from penetrating the protruding part of the metal surface. However, S atom is exposed to the surface of the MoS2 crystal layer and has strong adhesion to the metal surface. The chemical properties of MoS2 are very stable, resistant to acid and radiation, and the decomposition temperature is 1000℃ under vacuum condition.MoS2 has outstanding substantial lubrication capability under heavy load with heating. In recent years, MoS2 has expanded from particular USES developed in the universe to the general industry. Annual consumption in the United States exceeds 2,000 tons and in Japan over 4,000 tons.

At present, organic molybdenum additive is widely used in industrially developed countries and emerging industrial nations. The annual consumption of organic molybdenum additive in the United States is about 2500 ~ 3000t, mainly used in internal combustion engine lubricating oil, turbine engine lubricating oil, and other fields. In all kinds of bearing oils for internal combustion engines produced in Japan, 0.5% ~ 1% organic molybdenum additive is usually added. The additive is supplied by Asahi chemical co., Japan's largest petroleum additive company. Besides, organic molybdenum additive is also used in antiwear oil, vacuum oil, bearing grease, guide oil, compressor oil, and gear oil. Besides the natural molybdenum produced in Japan, about 4% MoDTC and MoDTP are exported to Western Europe and Southeast Asian countries. Rhein Chemie Gruppe's MoDTP is widely used in Germany, the world's fourth-largest economy.

Infomak is dedicated to the technology development of special oil additives, combined the Technology of nanomaterials developed dry lubricant and oil additives two series. Our products can significantly improve the performance of lubricating oil, improve energy efficiency, effectively protect the lubrication device and extend the oil change cycle, which can satisfy the lubrication oil constantly upgrading for high-end engine oil additives. If you are looking for MoDTC or MoDTP, please contact us.

The primary function of lubricating oil is lubrication, heat dissipation, anti-wear, shock absorption, and cleaning. It can be said that lubricating oil is like the blood of the engine, so the service life of the engine also depends on the quality of the engine oil. Choose a suitable lubricant wisely. It is also an important thing, and today I will teach you how to choose a suitable engine oil. The engine oil ranges from the US $ 15-100, and there is a distinction between fully synthetic, semi-synthetic, and mineral oil. So what is the difference between them? How do we choose the right engine oil?

First, the cheapest mineral oil is around $ 15.

Most mineral oils are synthesized using class II base oils combined with lubricating oil additives.Class Ⅱ base oil: It is also called hydrogenated base oil using the hydrocracking process. 

Disadvantages: the molecules are arranged unevenly, and a little more impurities mean higher friction. It is not easy to dissolve with chemical additives and quickly produce chemical reactions, so there will not be too many frictions reducing oil additives, antioxidants, and pour point depressants. High-temperature protection can only rely on high viscosity to increase the oil film thickness to protect the engine! That is, the characteristic 10W40 high viscosity has an absolute increase in the engine running resistance. Poor fluidity during cold start results in loud noise, etc.! Therefore, the current mineral oil is gradually replaced by semi-synthetic; after all, the price is relatively close. In cold seasons, starting difficulties may occur, or cold-start wear may increase.

Secondly, a semi-synthetic engine oil around $ 30

It is a combination of mineral oil and class III base oil. Compared with mineral oil, semi-synthetic class III base oil has less purity and impurities. It adopts high hydrocracking or hydroisomerization process to filter out the mineral oil. Impurities, prevent accelerated oxidation, rearrange the molecules inside. This also means that the friction is smaller, and it can also make differential oil additive better compatible with the base oil. After adding anti-friction additives, it can also achieve low viscosity and high protection under high-temperature conditions, which is why turbines are required. For reasons above semi-synthesis, the turbine temperature of thousands of degrees must also rely on engine oil to dissipate heat. Semi-synthesis is treated, and the synthetic fluidity is higher. Adding a small amount of the best oil additive can also make the oil film difficult to crack under high pressure and encounter high-temperature oxidation. And more stable. Of course, semi-synthetic is still semi-synthetic, after all. Due to the base oil, the long-term performance and stability are not the best.

Finally, fully synthetic engine oil of around $ 100

At present, most of the fully synthetic engine oils are the type mentioned above III base oils combined with the four types of base oils. The addition of the four types of oils makes up the low-temperature fluidity and high-temperature protection of the type III oils due to the addition of the four kinds of insufficient oils that can be said to be an enhanced version of semi-synthetic engine oil in all aspects. Fully synthetic engine oil has higher fluidity at high temperatures and low temperatures. It has added more expensive additives: such as ZDDP (best zinc oil additive), moly additive (MoS2, MoDTC, and MoDTP), hexagonal boron nitride, titanium alloy elements, WS2, lipids, etc. Most of these elements have absolute adsorption on metal, and the friction resistance is meager, which can reduce the engine running strength and reduce the wear between the metal of the engine. This is also a part of the owners who can feel the open after switching from semi-synthetic to fully synthetic. One of the reasons why it feels lighter.

So how to choose the right engine oil?

First, check the maintenance manual of your car. The required labels and engine oil specifications, such as the Japanese American cars require the GF-5 standard, the German vehicles require the A3B4 and C3 measures, and the French system requires the A5B5. Strict or choose a logo certified by your car manufacturer! As for the choice of fully synthetic or semi-synthetic or even mineral oil, the most expensive engine oil currently is double-fat or multi-fat engine oil. It is developed for most racing cars and streetcars, but it has poor long-term performance, is easy to emulsify in water, and is not suitable for daily use. Use. If there is frequent congestion, long-term low-speed crawling, or poor road conditions, choosing a semi-synthetic oil change every six months can keep the engine clean, and it can also ensure that the engine oil is always in the best state.

Fully synthetic engine oil has a higher price. Although it is long-lasting and protective, some gasoline is natural to burn incompletely under adverse road conditions. The impurities left by combustion will be mixed into the engine oil. This will still accelerate the deterioration of the engine oil, and the protection and long-term performance will gradually deteriorate. This is also the reason why some fully synthetic engine oils are marked for replacement within eight months. So if the road conditions are right or if you run a high-speed for a long time, you can run more than 10,000 kilometers for half a year, or thousands of kilometers a year. Choosing a full-synthesis can save a certain amount of cost and time. As for the gap between power and fuel consumption, for some good-powered models, the difference between semi-synthesis and full-synthesis is not too noticeable.

Infomak is dedicated to the technology development of special oil additives, combined the Technology of nanomaterials developed dry lubricant and oil additives two series. Our products can significantly improve the performance of lubricating oil, improve energy efficiency, effectively protect the lubrication device and extend the oil change cycle, which can satisfy the lubrication oil constantly upgrading for high-end engine oil additives. Contact us.

Lubricant oil are widely used in automobiles, machinery, metallurgy, and other industries. They are essential products related to the national economy and people's livelihood.

In the composition of lubricating oil products, the base oil content accounts for 70% to 99%. The best oil additive is an essential factor that determines the performance and service life of lubricating oils. From the 1930s to the present, oil additives have developed many varieties, which have been extended into five categories of additives, namely detergents, dispersant additives, anti-friction oil additive, Antioxidants and viscosity index improvers.

What is the friction modifier?

Engine oil friction modifiers can prevent the metal surface from abrasion, abrasion, and scorch under the condition of high load on the metal surface.It has top active groups and decomposes when the pressure and temperature conditions are severe. The decomposed active materials polymerize under friction to form a thick, tough film, or interact with the surface of the friction pair to form a modified layer, which can reduce wear.

Engine oil friction modifiers can be divided into sulfur-based anti-friction oil additive, phosphorus-based friction reducer oil additive, halogen-based anti-friction oil additive, and organic metal (including lead naphthenate and dialkyl dithiophosphate) ZnDTP, etc.), boron-based antiwear agents (including inorganic borate and natural borate), etc.

However, with the rapid development of modern industry and the continuous improvement of individual requirements for the natural environment and health consciousness, these single-active element antiwear agents have become increasingly challenging to meet the needs of harsh working conditions and the development of the times. For example, chlorine-based friction reducer oil additive has been banned in some countries such as the United States and Western Europe because of its toxicity; lead naphthenate has also been gradually phased out due to ecological and toxicity issues; sulfur- and phosphorus-based anti-friction oil additives will cause exhaust gas converters The three-way catalyst poisoning, affecting the accuracy of the oxygen sensor measurement, and the toxicity to the ecological environment, have been limited to use by international regulations. For example, the amount of ZDTP in American lubricants was reduced from 0.12% in the 1990s to 0.08%. Anti-friction oil additive also has problems with dispersion stability and water sensitivity. Under the international regulations that limit the use of sulfur and phosphorus traditional single-element friction reducer oil additives and the requirements of working conditions are becoming increasingly severe, the diversification and integration of friction reducer oil additives will inevitably develop.

ZDTP is a global best anti-friction oil additive. Although it has catalyst toxicity and other problems, it has superior performance. In addition to outstanding abrasion resistance, it also has oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, suspension dispersion, and other effects. It is widely used in lubricating oil, such as gear oil.

In 2019, the global production and consumption of lubricant reducer oil additive were nearly 400,000 tons. North America's use of antiwear agents accounts for more than 27% of the worldwide use of friction reducer oil additives, Western Europe's use of friction reducer oil additives accounts for 14% of the world's total consumption of antiwear agents, and China's use of conflict reducer oil additives accounts for the global resistance The full consumption of abrasives reached 16%. Other countries and regions accounted for nearly 43% of the total global use.

In the next few years, the US lubricant market will shrink, and the demand for friction reducer oil additive will also decrease slightly. Western Europe will grow at a rate of 1% to 3%. The need for China's friction reducer oil additive will be 3%. The growth rate is from 5% to 4.5%. There are 13 and 10 companies producing North America and Western Europe Friction Reducer Oil Additives. In addition to the four major lubricant additive companies, BSF, ENI, and Chemtura also participate in it; China currently also has Luoyang Tongrun Info Technology Co., Ltd. All oil additive companies can provide best oil additive products.

With the increasing requirements of environmental protection, the demand for environmentally-friendly lubricant additives has also increased accordingly. While meeting working performance, it should also be biodegradable and environmentally friendly. Low phosphorus, low sulfur, little ash, biological degradability had become a significant development direction for future best oil additives.

In the next few years, the US lubricant market will shrink, and the demand for friction reducer oil additive will also decrease slightly. Western Europe will grow at a rate of 1% to 3%. The need for China's friction reducer oil additive will be 3%. The growth rate is from 5% to 4.5%. There are 13 and 10 companies producing North America and Western Europe Friction Reducer Oil Additives. In addition to the four major lubricant additive companies, BSF, ENI, and Chemtura also participate in it; China currently also has Luoyang Tongrun Info Technology Co., Ltd. All oil additive companies can provide best oil additive products.

With the increasing requirements of environmental protection, the demand for environmentally-friendly lubricant additives has also increased accordingly. While meeting working performance, it should also be biodegradable and environmentally friendly. Low phosphorus, low sulfur, little ash, biological degradability had become a significant development direction for future best oil additives.

Infomak is dedicated to the technology development of special oil additives, combined the Technology of nanomaterials developed dry lubricant and oil additives two series. Our products can significantly improve the performance of lubricating oil, improve energy efficiency, effectively protect the lubrication device and extend the oil change cycle, which can satisfy the lubrication oil constantly upgrading for high-end engine oil additives. Contact us.

Reducing the friction and wear of the main friction pairs of mechanical equipment, reducing energy consumption and reducing environmental pollution are the three major issues facing the design, manufacturing, and use of modern machinery. Lubricants are the key factors. Extreme pressure additive and anti-wear additive are the most commonly used lubricant additives. Under the action of pressure, adding intense pressure anti-wear agents to the lubricant can reduce the friction, wear, and sintering of mechanical parts, make the machine lubricate, thereby improving the working efficiency of the engine and extending the service life of the device. Traditional extreme pressure anti-wear additives usually contain sulfur, phosphorus, and organometallic salts, while new intense pressure anti-wear additives are developing towards ashless, low phosphorus, and low sulfur.

Research and application status of various extreme pressure additive and anti-wear additive

1. Phosphorous extreme pressure additive

Phosphorus-containing organic compound additives have been used as extreme pressure anti-wear additives for a long time, and have obtained a wide range of industrial applications. They are currently one of the most widely used additives with the best anti-wear effects. There are many types of phosphorus extreme pressure additive and anti-wear additive. According to their active elements, they can be divided into phosphorus type, phosphorus nitrogen type, sulfur phosphorus type, sulfur phosphorus nitrogen type, and sulfur phosphorus nitrogen boron type. Phosphorus anti-wear agents have been around for a long time, mainly in phosphate and phosphite series.

2. Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic extreme pressure additive and anti-wear additive

Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives have excellent anti-wear properties, anti-oxidation properties, dispersive properties, rust-proof properties, and anti-corrosive properties. They have been the focus of research in the field of tribology in recent years. Nitrogen heterocyclic additives are divided into: thiazole derivatives, thiadiazole derivatives, oxazolines, benzotriazole derivatives, imidazoline derivatives, pyridine and imidazoline derivatives, diazine derivatives, and triazine derivatives, etc.

3. Boron-containing extreme pressure additive and anti-wear additive

As a new type of non-reactive extreme-pressure anti-wear additive, boron-based additives are receiving more and more attention due to their unique chemical stability. From chemical structure, boron-based additives can be divided into organic borate and inorganic borate. The boron-containing additives not only have excellent thermal oxidation stability and sealing adaptability, have no corrosion effect on copper at high temperature, and have a good impact on steel. Excellent anti-rust performance, at the same time it is conducive to improving the operating environment, has the excellent load-carrying capacity, and anti-friction and anti-wear performance are superior to sulfur and phosphorus additives, has been used in industrial gear oil, two-stroke oil.

The boron-based additives with broad development prospects are organic borate esters. A large number of studies have found that almost all of the organic borate esters have friction reduction and oxidation resistance, and some have anti-wear effects. Besides, its thermal stability is excellent, and it does not corrode copper at high temperatures, has excellent rust resistance to steel, and also has good sealing adaptability, non-toxic and odorless, and conducive to environmental protection. These advantages are incomparable with traditional phosphorus and sulfur extreme pressure anti-wear additives.

4. Organometallic salts extreme pressure additive and anti-wear additive

Organometallic salts are an essential class of lubricating oil additives, which are widely used. According to the structural characteristics of the compounds, the organometallic salts extreme pressure anti-wear additives can be divided into the following categories: 1) metal dialkyl dithiocarbamates, 2) dialkyl dithiophosphate, 3) Polymers containing active metal elements (mainly EDTA water-soluble metal complexes). However, in recent years, environmental regulations have become increasingly stringent, and the demand for ashless lubricant additives has been increasing. Therefore, lubricant additives containing metal elements are increasingly challenged.

ZDDP oil additive has many functions such as anti-oxidation, anti-corrosion, extreme pressure, anti-wear, and so on. Since the middle of the 20th century, it has been an indispensable additive component in oils such as internal combustion engine oils and widely used in petroleum.

Organic molybdenum has excellent tribological properties and occupies a significant position in lubricating materials. Organic molybdenum-based additives have various functions such as anti-wear, anti-friction, extreme pressure, and anti-oxidation, which have attracted full attention from academia and industry. Experiments show that MoDTC has good intense pressure anti-wear performance, especially ZDDP shows a perfect anti-wear synergy effect.

5. Nano oil additive

With the rapid development of nanotechnology and surface analysis technology, many scholars expect to use nanoparticles as a breakthrough in the event of new lubricant additives. Nanomaterials used as additives for lubricants are mainly of the following categories: (1) layered inorganic substances such as graphite, MoS2, etc .; (2) nano soft metals such as Cu, Al, Ni, etc .; (3) nano Oxides, such as Al2O3, ZnO, etc .; (4) compounds containing active element S, such as PbS, ZnS, etc .; (5) inorganic borate salts, such as Cu3 (BO3) 2, Ni3 (BO3) 2, etc .; (6) Rare earth compounds, such as rare earth fluoride LaF3, rare earth oxide La2O3, CeO2, and rare earth hydroxide La (OH) 3. Unique earth compounds have great potential for development as lubricant additives. They have the advantages of high-temperature resistance, good oil solubility, and low pollution. Therefore, new multifunctional rare earth organic sophisticated additives have been continuously developed.

With the increase of people's awareness of environmental protection and the increasingly stringent environmental regulations, the development trend of new extreme pressure anti-wear additives in the future is as follows: 

(1) Without reducing the excessive pressure anti-wear performance, improve its thermal oxidation stability and reduce Phosphorus consumption to extend its service life is the development direction of extreme phosphorus pressure anti-wear agents;

(2) To find out the compounding rule and mechanism of other absolute pressure anti-wear agents, and to develop a boron-containing agent with hydrolytic stability is the development direction of intense boron pressure anti-wear agents;

 (3) Application of green synthesis method to obtain multifunctional nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivative lubricant additives with high yield, low cost, and ideal effects; meanwhile, in-depth research on its friction mechanism using new characterization methods is nitrogen-containing heterocyclic The development direction of ring lubricant additives;

(4) As an emerging technology, the nano oil additive solves its agglomeration and cost problems, and research on the compounding rule with conventional additives in lubricating oil is the development direction of nanoparticle extreme pressure anti-wear agents.

Infomak is dedicated to the technology development of special oil additives, combined the Technology of nanomaterials developed dry lubricant and oil additives two series. Our products can significantly improve the performance of lubricating oil, improve energy efficiency, effectively protect the lubrication device and extend the oil change cycle, which can satisfy the lubrication oil constantly upgrading for high-end engine oil additives. Contact us.

Engine oil is a very complex oil. Today's high-performance engine lubricants contain a variety of components, such as base oils, the best oil additives, and viscosity modifiers, each of which plays its important role and is balanced to form the final formula.

To ensure that the lubricants perform as required, oil manufacturers must carefully prepare and test each lubricant to meet or exceed specific certification and performance requirements. This article describes the standard components of engine oils, the complexity of their formulations, and the various effects that lubricants must achieve.

Base oil

Let us first discuss base oils. The American Petroleum Institute (API) divides base oils into five categories, each of which has significantly different technical and performance characteristics. Although the base oil is the most significant proportion of heavy vehicle engine oil (usually 60-95% by weight), even the highest quality base oil cannot achieve all-round protection of the engine from high temperatures, Shear force, abrasive particles, chemical dilution, water dilution, and corrosion.

When developing compound additives, formulators must consider the characteristics of the base oils they use, as each base oil has different requirements for oil additives formulations.

Stickiness improver

Viscosity improvers are specially designed polymers used to control the viscosity (thickness) of lubricating oils in specific temperature ranges and working environments. As engine components become more and more sophisticated, advanced polymers not only help the engine operate more efficiently in increasingly harsh environments but also play a key role in improving efficiency, durability, and protection.

A variety of viscosity modifiers have been developed, and the choice of which depends on several related factors, including the operating conditions of the lubricant, the characteristics of the base oil, and oil additives.

Different Oil Additives

Although oil additives are a relatively small component of lubricating oils, they play a significant role in protecting key engine components.

Additives to clean engine

Additives to clean engine-The The engine cleaner additive is used for fuel or oil additives, and its role is to keep engine components clean. In automotive oil formulations, the most commonly used detergents are metal soap salts with sure alkalinity, which can neutralize the acids produced during the combustion process. (keep clean)

Dispersant

The role of dispersant is to suspend pollutants in the oil and prevent the formation of sludge and paint films on engine parts. Dispersants are usually non-metallic ("ashless") substances and are used in conjunction with detergents. (Control of pollutants)

Antioxidants

Antioxidants-Antioxidants are also called oxidation inhibitors. The effect of this low-dose additive is to slow down the oxidation rate of the lubricant. (Slows down oxidation)

Anti-wear additives

The role of anti-wear additives is to form a tough film on highly loaded parts to block contact between metal surfaces. (Reduces engine wear)

Friction Modifier

Friction modifier additive can adhere to the surface of the region and reduce friction and wear when slight conflict occurs. The amount of resistance depends on the smoothness of the contact surface and the pressure between the two surfaces. (Reduces engine wear)

Anti-foam additives

The role of the antifoaming agent is to inhibit the formation of foam in the lubricating oil. Foam can cause cavitation on the pump or reduce lubricant flow. (Reduce cavitation)

Corrosion inhibitor

The role of corrosion inhibitors is to prevent metal surfaces from chemically reacting with water or other contaminants. (Control of corrosion and acids)

Pour point depressant

Pour point depressants can reduce the pour point of a petroleum product, that is, fluidity at low temperature and low shear rate. (Controlling viscosity)

All of the above oil additives must be balanced for the lubricating oil to exert specific effects. Trunnano's formulation experts have professional and sophisticated formulation technology to ensure that all additives, base oils, and vicious agents do not conflict with each other to achieve the efficacy of lubricants jointly.

If the content of one oil additive is high, it may inhibit other oil additives and viscosity improvers from functioning. For example, if the antifoam content is too low, the lubricating oil will foam, cavitating the engine and causing damage. Similarly, if the wrong type of oil cleaner additive is used, the acid in the lubricant cannot be neutralized. Then the dispersant cannot effectively prevent the formation of soot and settle on the engine parts.

Therefore, all oil additives must be blended in precise proportions to work correctly. And Trunnano's expertise in chemistry can do just that. Trunnano's formulation experts know how to formulate professional compound additives to meet a variety of requirements from durability to protection, to achieve excellent fuel economy and efficiency.

Infomak is dedicated to the technology development of special oil additives, combined the Technology of nanomaterials developed dry lubricant and oil additives two series. Our products can significantly improve the performance of lubricating oil, improve energy efficiency, effectively protect the lubrication device and extend the oil change cycle, which can satisfy the lubrication oil constantly upgrading for high-end engine oil additives. Contact us.