Reducing the friction and wear of the main friction pairs of mechanical equipment, reducing energy consumption, and reducing environmental pollution are the three major issues facing the design, manufacture, and use of modern machinery. Lubricants are the key factors. EP additives and anti-friction additives are the most important among lubricants. Commonly used engine oil additives. Adding EP additives to the grease under pressure can reduce friction, wear and sintering of mechanical parts, and lubricate the machine, thereby improving the working efficiency of the device and extending the service life of the device. Traditional EP additives and anti-friction additives usually contain sulfur, phosphorus, and organometallic salts, while new engine oil additives are developing towards ashless, low phosphorus, and low sulfur.

Research and Application Status of Various Extreme Pressure Antiwear Additives

1. Phosphorus EP additives

Phosphorus-containing organic compounds, engine oil additives, have been used as extreme pressure anti-wear additives for a long time, and have obtained a wide range of industrial applications. They are currently one of the most widely used additives with the best anti-wear effects. There are many types of phosphorus EP additives. According to their active elements, they can be divided into phosphorus type, phosphorus nitrogen type, sulfur phosphorus type, sulfur phosphorus nitrogen type, and sulfur phosphorus nitrogen boron type. Phosphorus anti-wear agents have been around for a long time, mainly in phosphate and phosphite series.

2. Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic EP additives

Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives have good anti-ware, anti-oxidation performance, dispersion performance, rust prevention performance, and anti-corrosive performance. They are hot research topics in the field of tribology in recent years. The nitrogen heterocyclic additives are divided into thiazole derivatives, thiadiazole derivatives, oxazolines, benzotriazole derivatives, imidazoline derivatives, pyridine, and imidazoline, diazine derivatives, and triazine derivatives, etc.

3. Boron-containing EP additives

As a new type of inactive EP additives, boron-based additives are receiving more and more attention due to their unique chemical stability. From the perspective of chemical structure, boron-based EP additives can be divided into organic borate and inorganic borate. Boron-containing EP additives not only have excellent thermal oxidation stability and sealing adaptability, but also have no corrosion effect on copper at high temperatures. Steel has excellent anti-rust performance, and at the same time, is conducive to improving the operating environment. It has the excellent bearing capacity and anti-friction and anti-wear properties. It has superior performance than sulfur and phosphorus additives. It has been used in industrial gear oils and two-stroke oils.

The boron-based additives with broad development prospects are organic borate esters. A large number of studies have found that almost all of the organic borate esters have friction reduction and oxidation resistance, and some have anti-wear effects. Besides, its thermal stability is excellent, and it is non-corrosive to copper at high temperatures, has excellent rust resistance to steel, and also has good sealing adaptability, non-toxic and odorless, which is beneficial to environmental protection. These advantages are incomparable with traditional phosphorus and sulfur extreme pressure anti-wear additives.

4. Organic metal salts EP additives

Organometallic salts are an essential class of oil additives, and their applications are quite extensive. According to the structural characteristics of the compounds, organic metal salt EP additives can be divided into the following categories: 1) metal dialkyl dithiocarbamates, 2) zinc alkyl dithiophosphate, 3) polymers containing active metal elements (Mainly EDTA water-soluble metal complex). However, in recent years, environmental regulations have become increasingly stringent, and the demand for ashless oil additives has been increasing, so oil additives containing metal elements have been increasingly challenged.

Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) has many functions, such as anti-oxidation, anti-corrosion, extreme pressure, and anti-wear. It is widely used in other industrial oils.

Molybdenum compounds have excellent tribological properties and occupy a significant position in lubricating materials. Organic molybdenum additives have various functions such as anti-wear, anti-friction, extreme pressure, and anti-oxidation, which have attracted full attention from academia and industry. Experiments show that molybdenum dithiocarbamate has good intense pressure and anti-wear properties, especially with zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, which shows a perfect anti-wear synergy effect.

5. Nano-Friction reducing oil additive

With the rapid development of nanotechnology and surface analysis technology, many scholars expect to use nanoparticles as a breakthrough in the event of new lubricant additives. Nanomaterials used as additives for lubricants are mainly of the following categories: (1) layered inorganic substances such as graphite, MoS2, etc .; (2) nano soft metals such as Cu, Al, Ni, etc .; (3) nano oxides, such as Al2O3, ZnO, etc .; (4) Compounds containing active element S, such as PBS, ZnS, etc .; (5) Inorganic borate salts, such as Cu3 (BO3) 2, Ni3 (BO3) 2, etc .; (6) Rare earth compounds, such as rare earth fluoride LaF3, rare earth oxide La2O3, CeO2, and rare earth hydroxide La (OH) 3, etc. Unique earth compounds have great potential for development as lubricant additives. They have the advantages of high-temperature resistance, good oil solubility, and low pollution. Therefore, new multifunctional rare earth organic sophisticated additives have been continuously developed.

With the increase of people's awareness of environmental protection and the increasingly stringent environmental regulations, the development trend of new extreme pressure anti-wear additives in the future is as follows:

(1) Under the premise of not reducing the extreme pressure anti-wear performance, improving the thermal oxidation stability and reducing the phosphorus consumption to extend its service life is the development direction of phosphorus intense pressure anti-wear agents;

(2) To find out the compounding rule and mechanism of other absolute pressure anti-wear agents, and to develop boron-containing agents with hydrolytic stability is the development direction of intense boron pressure anti-wear agents;

(3) The green synthesis method is used to obtain a multifunctional nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivative lubricating additive with high yield, low cost, and ideal effects; meanwhile, in-depth research on its friction mechanism by applying new characterization methods is nitrogen-containing Development direction of ring lubricant additives;

(4) As an emerging technology, nano engine oil additives solve its agglomeration and cost problems, and research on the compounding rule with conventional additives in lubricants is the development direction of extreme nanoparticle pressure anti-wear agents.

Infomak is dedicated to the technology development of special oil additives, combined the Technology of nanomaterials developed dry lubricant and oil additives two series. Our products can significantly improve the performance of lubricating oil, improve energy efficiency, effectively protect the lubrication device and extend the oil change cycle, which can satisfy the lubrication oil constantly upgrading for high-end engine oil additives. If you are looking for Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, please contact us.

Friction and wear occur wherever there is relative movement. Almost half of the world's primary energy is consumed by conflict. Most mechanical parts fail due to wear. Lubrication failure and excessive wear are the leading causes of unfortunate accidents in mechanical equipment. The economic losses caused by friction and wear in countries around the world are huge every year, and the development potential of applying tribological knowledge reasonably to reduce friction and reduce wear to achieve energy conservation is enormous. Therefore, under the situation of rapid global population growth, shortage of fossil energy, and environmental pollution, advocating and promoting the application of advanced lubrication technology will help improve the construction of modern industrial civilization in various countries around the world and promote the emergence of energy-saving and environmentally-friendly emerging industries. It will even have a profound impact on human production and lifestyle.

The methods of reducing friction, reducing mechanical wear, and extending the service life of the equipment include the reasonable selection of friction pair materials, reduction of the surface roughness of the friction pair, change of the relative motion form of the friction pair, and consistent use of lubricants. By far, the most effective method is the rational use of lubricant oil. The grease can form a lubricating film between the two contact surfaces, reducing friction and reducing wear. The primary source of the lubricating film is the active components provided by the additives in the lubricant.

What is lubricant?

Lubricant can be divided into gas lubricants (air, helium, nitrogen, hydrogen, etc.), liquid lubricants (plant lubricants, mineral lubricants, synthetic lubricants, and water-based lubricants), and semi-solid lubricants according to their physical state. (Grease) And solid lubricants (graphite lubricant, MoS2, talc, polymer, etc.). Among them, the oils in liquid lubricants are the most widely used, and they are likened to maintaining the "blood of normal machinery operation." Before the 1930s, lubricants (base oils) without oil additives could almost meet most of the requirements of the time, but with the continuous development of modern industry (especially the automotive industry), the use of machinery and equipment has become increasingly harsh. To meet the regular operation of various machinery and equipment, it is necessary to add multiple oil additives to the lubricating oil to improve the numerous physical and chemical properties and lubricating properties of the lubricating oil. At present, the base oil accounts for the most significant proportion of the lubricating oil we use, which determines the fundamental physical properties and specific properties of the lubricating oil. Although the amount of oil additives is small, it can improve the existing features of the base oil and give it new properties. Meet the requirements of the regular operation of mechanical equipment under specific conditions.

Oil additives

There are many types of oil additives with different functions. According to the role played by oil additives, they can be divided into viscosity index improvers, detergents, dispersants, friction modifiers, extreme pressure anti-wear agents, antioxidants, rust, and corrosion inhibitors, Anti-emulsifiers, and emulsifiers, pour point depressants, suspending agents, anti-foaming agents, etc. Among them, detergents, oiliness agents (friction modifiers), extreme pressure anti-wear agents, rust and corrosion inhibitors mainly play a role in protecting the metal surface; viscosity index improvers, dispersants, antioxidants, anti-emulsifiers and emulsifiers, depressant Agents, suspending agents, anti-foaming agent, etc. are used to improve the performance of base oils.

In the future, the requirements for lubricants and oil additives are becoming stricter, and they tend to develop in the direction of high performance, multifunction, environmental friendliness, and low cost.

Infomak is dedicated to the technology development of special oil additives, combined the Technology of nanomaterials developed dry lubricant and oil additives two series. Our products can significantly improve the performance of lubricating oil, improve energy efficiency, effectively protect the lubrication device and extend the oil change cycle, which can satisfy the lubrication oil constantly upgrading for high-end engine oil additives. Contact us.

What is moly grease?

Moly grease(Molybdenum disulfide grease) is made of pure molybdenum disulfide with various additives such as anti-oxidation and anti-corrosion. Moly grease has the excellent waterproof and anti-rust performance. The advantage of moly grease is its outstanding extreme pressure and anti-wear performance. It is mainly used for heavy-duty parts with impact load, which can effectively prevent mechanical parts from seizing and sintering.

Extreme pressure and anti-wear properties of moly grease

Molybdenum disulfide MoS2 has high-pressure resistance, which is unmatched by other lubricating materials. It can still be used under extremely high pressure of 20000kg/cm2. Generally, the lubricating oil layer, under such high pressure, the film has long been ruptured and loses lubrication. Causes metal surface welding. Experiments have shown that: MoS2 exists between metals. When the pressure increases to 32000kg/cm2, the pressure has exceeded the yield point of a particular metal, but the two metal surfaces still do not seize and weld. MoS2 is on a 2.5-micron film. After testing, it can withstand contact stress above 28000kg/cm2 and friction speed of 40m/s. This high compressive resistance is determined by its physical structure.

The moly grease containing MoS2 has excellent lubrication performance for mechanical friction parts working in extreme-pressure environments and can provide long-term protection against wear and corrosion. It also protects parts under heavy load or impact load. If the grease is insufficient, some MoS2 will also stay on the metal surface to form a protective layer to protect the parts. Moly grease's strong anti-oxidation ability ensures its long service life. It is widely used in heavy vehicles, construction equipment, industrial equipment, mining and agricultural equipment, etc. It provides customers with a series of reductions in maintenance cycles and costs. 

MoS2 structure

MoS2 belongs to the hexagonal crystal system and is a diamagnetic compound with semiconductor properties. There are many Mo-S prisms and a large specific surface area. The MoS2 structure is shown in the figure below.

What is the maximum operating temperature of moly grease?

First of all, the quality of moly grease between different brands and different grades is different, so the maximum use temperature is also different. The temperature range of general-purpose moly grease is -20~120℃.

Disadvantage 1: moly grease cannot be mixed with other greases, which will cause performance degradation or failure.

Disadvantage 2: Not suitable for high-speed, light-load, and low-temperature conditions. The use temperature does not exceed 190 degrees

Disadvantage 3: MoS2 has a high content of active sulfur, which is easy to cause corrosion to copper. Besides, when the parts made of copper and its alloys need to be lubricated, it is not impossible to use MoS2 lubricating products, but also to add a copper corrosion inhibitor.

Disadvantage 4: MoS2 should not be mixed with engine oil, and physical and chemical reactions will occur, causing grease failure.

Use protection attention of moly grease

Eye contact: lift the eyelid and rinse with running water or saline. Seek medical attention.

Skin contact: Take off contaminated clothing and rinse with running water.

Ingestion: Drink enough warm water to induce vomiting. Seek medical attention

Storage and transportation matters of moly grease

Store in a cold, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. It should be stored separately from oxidants, etc., and should not be mixed. Equipped with the appropriate variety and quantity of fire equipment. The storage area should be equipped with suitable materials to contain the leakage.

The packaging should be complete at the time of shipment, and the loading should be secure. During transportation, ensure that the container does not leak, collapse, fall, or be damaged. Mixed shipment and transportation with oxidants are strictly prohibited. Avoid exposure to sunlight, rain, and high temperature during transportation.

Infomak is dedicated to the technology development of special oil additives, combined the Technology of nanomaterials developed dry lubricant and oil additives two series. Our products can significantly improve the performance of lubricating oil, improve energy efficiency, effectively protect the lubrication device and extend the oil change cycle, which can satisfy the lubrication oil constantly upgrading for high-end engine oil additives. If you are looking for MoS2, please contact us.

Lubricant additives refer to additives that reduce the coefficient of friction of lubricants under boundary lubrication conditions. In the fluid lubrication state, the surface of the friction pair is entirely separated by the lubricating oil film. The friction force is proportional to the viscosity of the lubricating oil. When the viscosity increases, the viscous resistance increases. However, if the thickness of the lubricating oil is too low, or the load on the friction pair is high, the lubricant film between the friction pairs is fragile, and the fluid lubrication state cannot be maintained. The friction force has nothing to do with the viscosity of the lubricating oil but only depends on the chemical properties of the lubricating oil, that is, the surface-active substances present in the lubricating oil.

Since most of the original surface-active materials in the lubricating oil are refined and removed during processing, the best friction modifier needs to be added to improve the lubricating performance of the refined oil. The lubricant friction additive is based on this principle. Through the chemical action of Lubricant additives, the micro convex portions of the friction surface are softened and smoothed, or the additives are adsorbed on the surface of the friction pair, and the micro concave portions are filled to improve the oil film state on the surface of the friction pair. 

To reduce the friction under severe boundary lubrication conditions, the purpose of increasing power, reducing fuel consumption, and reducing wear is achieved. Filling the depression with friction additive can also improve the sealing of the combustion chamber of the engine and maintain the proper technical condition of the engine.

Dry lubricant additives

The robust suspension type was developed and applied earlier, and it is dispersed in the lubricant in the form of particles. The most famous solid suspension additives are molybdenum disulfide, graphite, and Teflon oil additive. Molybdenum disulfide and graphite are multilayer lamellar crystals. They have a strong adsorption force on the metal surface. Still, the interlayer shear resistance is feeble, so they have an excellent anti-friction and anti-friction effect in the boundary lubrication state. Resistant to high temperatures. Teflon oil additive is generally considered to be unable to form an adsorption film on the metal surface. Still, its particles can accelerate the running-in of the friction pair surface under boundary lubrication conditions, improve the smoothness, and reduce friction.

The disadvantage of dry lubricant additives is that the additive particles may be aggregated and delaminated during storage, and its anti-friction effect will be reduced. At the same time, the lubricant will become cloudy, the color will be darkened, and the appearance will be damaged. Most critically, there is also the possibility of particles clogging the filter or being separated from the lubricant by a centrifugal filter.

Oil additives

Due to the inherent disadvantages of dry lubricant additives, such additives have been gradually phased out in recent years. Vigorously develop oil-soluble additives that are entirely compatible with lubricating oils. Most of these additives are polar or active oil-soluble macromolecular compounds. The stronger the polarity of Oil additives, the longer the hydrocarbon chain and the lubricating ability. 

The adsorption force of molecules and metals decreases with increasing temperature. When the oil temperature reaches 150 to 200 ° C, the polar molecules fall off, and the adsorption film is destroyed and fails.

In recent years, oil additives have used compounds such as organic molybdenum, organic tungsten, natural boron, and ashless organic esters as friction modifiers, which not only have anti-friction properties at ordinary temperatures but also can react chemically and improve at high temperatures. The condition of the friction surface makes the friction surface smoother, and the friction coefficient is about 0.05. 

It often has anti-wear effects, but it is different from anti-wear and extreme pressure anti-wear additives. Anti-friction additives are used to form anti-friction adsorption film or friction improvement film under boundary lubrication conditions. The role of anti-friction additives or extreme pressure agents is that in the case of a lubricating film rupture, the active chemical elements (sulfur, phosphorus, etc.) contained in it will chemically react with the metal to form an anti-wear protective film, preventing the friction surface from sticking, seizing or sintering. The anti-wear film can support higher loads than the boundary lubrication film, but the friction coefficient is much larger than the boundary lubrication film.

For automobiles, the boundary lubrication mainly occurs in the piston ring of the engine and its corresponding cylinder liner at the top dead center, and the surface of the main reducer gear. Besides, the crankshaft bearings and connecting rod bearings will experience boundary lubrication when the engine starts, stops, and accelerates under heavy load or suddenly loads at a certain speed; camshafts and lifters, rockers and valves of high-compression engine valve mechanisms When the tappet is running under heavy-duty, the friction surface is also in the state of boundary lubrication. Therefore, adding appropriate anti-friction additives to automobile lubricants is an effective measure to reduce friction and save fuel. The fuel-saving rate is generally between 1% and 4%. Extreme pressure anti-wear agent refers to an additive that can form a high melting point chemical reaction film with the metal surface under high temperature and high-pressure boundary lubrication conditions to prevent melting, seizure, and scratching. Its role is to react its decomposition products with metals at high friction temperatures to produce compounds with lower shear stresses and melting points than pure metals, thereby preventing contact surface seizure and welding and effectively protecting metal surfaces. Extreme pressure anti-film agent is mainly used in industrial gear oil, hydraulic oil, guide rail oil, cutting oil and other oils with excessive pressure requirements to improve the extreme pressure and wear resistance of oil products.

Infomak is dedicated to the technology development of special oil additives, combined the Technology of nanomaterials developed dry lubricant and oil additives two series. Our products can significantly improve the performance of lubricating oil, improve energy efficiency, effectively protect the lubrication device and extend the oil change cycle, which can satisfy the lubrication oil constantly upgrading for high-end engine oil additives. Contact us.

1 Nano-diamond structure characteristics and technical parameters

nano-diamond has a unique spherical shape and luxurious surface functional groups. It is a supramolecular structure formed by a single crystal diamond "core" and a "shell" composed of many functional groups surrounding its outer surface. The surface functional groups are combined with the diamond "nucleus" through chemical bonds and determine the surface chemical properties of the diamond. Its composition is similar to that of the nano-diamond

The synthesis and purification methods are closely related. These oxygen-containing reactive groups provide the possibility for chemical reactions to occur on the surface of diamond particles and help them to disperse in the lubricant stably.

2.Related Studies of nano-diamond oil additive

(1) Advantages of nano-diamond as an oil additive

The application of nanoparticles as anti-friction and anti-wear anti-wear additives is a trend, and the application prospect of nano-diamond is also promising. It has stable chemical properties and does not cause chemical pollution to corrode metal materials such as bearings. With its small particle size and high hardness, it has attracted the attention of many researchers.

(2) Study on surface modification of nano-diamond

The diamond is surface modified with a dispersant containing a long organic chain. This dispersant can use its polar group.

The group interacts with the free hydroxyl groups on the diamond surface so that its end is adsorbed on the diamond surface, and the non-polar alkane chain extends to the outside, which acts as a steric hindrance. The dispersion effect of modified nano-diamond in lubricating oil is also significantly improved, and it can be stably dispersed for three weeks without visible precipitation.

(3) Application of nano-diamond lubricant

Adding nano diamond-graphite-containing composite additives to the internal combustion engine found that the anti-friction and anti-wear anti-wear properties of engine oils have been significantly improved while reducing the content of sulfur, chlorine, phosphorus, fluorine and other elements. The friction coefficient is also reduced by 20% to 30%, the smoothness of the friction pair is improved, and the noise is reduced. The experimental research shows that nano-diamond accelerates the running-in process of the internal combustion engine, and improves the running-in quality and oil film bearing capacity. In a specific range, the anti-wear anti-wear and anti-friction effect is more significant when the load increases. The ultimate load test also showed that the value of the occlusion load was close to twice that of diamond-free oil.

(4) Study on the action mechanism of nano-diamond as a friction modifier additive

Nano-diamond has become a promising application field as a friction modifier additive. Adding nano-diamond to the oil can significantly reduce (up to 8-12%) fuel consumption and increase the life of the internal combustion engine in some cases. There are two explanations for nano-diamond as lubricant oil additive, one is the ball bearing effect, and the other is the thin film effect. The ball bearing effect is believed that the spherical nano-diamonds can act as micro-bearings on the surface of the friction pair, making sliding friction into rolling friction and reducing wear. The thin-film lubrication effect believes that carbon and other elements in nano-diamonds will penetrate the surface of the friction pair substrate, not only filling the micro scratches on the surface of the friction pair, reducing the friction, but also forming a continuous oil film on the surface of the friction pair, The direct contact between the friction surfaces becomes indirect contact. Under high load conditions, the wear is reduced, the extreme pressure of the base oil is increased, and the thin film lubrication effect widely exists in ultra-precision manufacturing and processing systems.

Although nano-graphite can also play a supporting role in lubricating oil, because the lubricating oil added with nano-graphite is opaque, and the market is not right, manufacturers are currently looking for other methods to replace nano-graphite. The best oil additive is a nano- diamond with a size of 5 nm.

Infomak is dedicated to the technology development of special oil additives, combined the technology of nanomaterials developed dry lubricant and oil additives two series. Our products can significantly improve the performance of lubricating oil, improve energy efficiency, effectively protect the lubrication device and extend the oil change cycle, which can satisfy the lubrication oil constantly upgrading for high-end engine oil additives.

If you are looking for nano diamond, please feel free to contact us.

Zinc-free hydraulic oil refers to hydraulic oil without zinc alkyl dithiophosphate (ZnDDP, ZnDTP) additives. For a long time, zinc is an essential ingredient in hydraulic oil. Of course, it does not mean that some metal zinc is added to hydraulic oil. The zinc contained in hydraulic oil is a kind of best ZDDP oil additive ----- zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, which is an essential additive for hydraulic oil.

The best ZDDP oil additive is an anti ware and anti-oxidant, which enhances the performance of lubricating oil (including hydraulic oil), and is an excellent extreme pressure additive. ZDDP is the product of a chemical reaction between zinc oxide and alkyl dithiophosphate. For decades, it is the best engine oil additive.

The use of the ZDDP oil additive in hydraulic oil is mainly to improve anti-pressure performance. Under the condition of boundary lubrication, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate will form a protective film on the surface of the component to avoid direct dry friction between metals under boundary lubrication. This type of anti-friction additives is most effective under medium and high load conditions, oily agents are used under typical loads, and EP additives are used under heavy load conditions. Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate can remove the free radicals in the lubricant, thereby blocking the oxidative deterioration of the oil, reducing the corrosion of the equipment by the acidic substances produced by the oxidation of the grease, and protecting the lubrication performance of the lubricant. However, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate will gradually deplete during use.

Another advantage of Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate is its multi-effect-anti-corrosion, anti-oxidation, anti-wear. If other oil additives are used, then multiple lube oil additives are needed to achieve these properties, which virtually drives up the production cost of lubricants. The disadvantage of ZnDDP is that it may corrode some metals, and it is also harmful to the environment. Oils with high ZDDP content cause yellow metal (copper) corrosion, so many parts are not suitable for use with this type of lubricant. ZDDP additive is not biodegradable, and it is toxic to water, so it is not environmentally friendly. There are many different types of ZDDP additive. Different ZDDP additive compounds differ in their hydrolytic stability and high-temperature resistance.

Although the ZDDP additive is a multi-effect, it is a challenge to achieve excellent performance in all aspects and make the final lubricating oil performance better. Therefore, some oil products do not use ZDDP but use multiple additives to achieve different performance. The advantages of zinc-free hydraulic oil are mainly environmental protection and non-erosion of copper-containing hydraulic components. However, because of the low price and excellent performance of ZDDP, zinc-containing hydraulic crude will continue to be used for a long time to come.

ZDDP is also widely used in additives used in lubricants, such as engine oil and gear oil.

In the engine lubricating oil, phosphorus from zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), an anti-oxidant and antiseptic, forms a passivation film on the surface of the catalyst, which prevents the enzyme from coming into contact with the exhaust gas from the car and acting. To extend the durability of automotive after-treatment equipment, the engine oil will continue to have a low phosphating trend, which will also limit the amount of ZDDP added. Nevertheless, the dominance of ZDDP in engine oils will not be threatened shortly.

Dr. Smith, an engineer from Shell Lubricants, stated: "To develop a phosphorus-free additive that is a satisfactory alternative to ZDDP in terms of performance and economics, further understanding of the wear and oxidation protection mechanisms of ZDDP is required. The economics of developing and ZDDP The replacement of ZDDP anti-oxidants and preservatives with comparable properties and performance will become a difficult task in the future. "

Infomak is dedicated to the technology development of special oil additives, combined the technology of nanomaterials developed dry lubricant and oil additives two series. Our products can significantly improve the performance of lubricating oil, improve energy efficiency, effectively protect the lubrication device and extend the oil change cycle, which can satisfy the lubrication oil constantly upgrading for high-end engine oil additives.

If you are looking for ZDDP , please feel free to contact us.

Graphite is a traditional dry powder lubricant. The application of graphite in oils has significant economic benefits and has many advantages. With the development of science and technology and the deepening of scientific research, graphite lubricating materials have expanded to appear in the form of graphite derivatives, such as flake nano-graphite, expanded graphite, fluorinated graphite, and compound or straightforward intercalated graphite.The layered structure, and because of the effect of the intercalation substance, makes the layer spacing significantly increased, which is hugely beneficial to the improvement of lubrication performance.

What makes graphite a good lubricant?

Graphite can be used as a lubricant because of its layered crystal structure. In the graphite layered crystal structure, carbon atoms form a hexagonal network of graphite layers with sp2 hybrid orbitals. The carbon-carbon bond energy belongs to a resonance σ-bond (σ-electron covalent bond). It can reach up to 627K J/mol, which gives the graphite layer strong properties; the interaction between the graphite layer and the segment belongs to the weak Van der Waals force, which is caused by the conjugate significant H-bond phase on both sides of the graphite layer. The bond energy is only 5.4KJ/ mol, which is only 1/110 of the covalent σ-bond strength between carbon atoms in the segment. This structural feature determines the load-resistant, corrosion-resistant, high-temperature, and radiation-resistant characteristics of the graphite layer, as well as the excellent sliding properties between the sheets, laying a foundation for graphite as a high-performance lubricant.

Types of solid lubricants (powder graphite lubricant)

1.Graphite and flake nano graphite

Graphite has been developed as a dry powder lubricant for a long time. It has been reported that the use of graphite in vehicle engines has a good effect of saving fuel at about 10%. With the development and popularity of nano engine oil additive, nano-materials have been widely used in solid lubricants and have shown better lubricating properties than traditional materials. The flake nano-graphite studied by Dr. Huang et al. As a lubricant additive. Graphite is more natural to spread into a film on the surface of the friction pair and shows better lubricity than ordinary graphite.

2.Extruded graphite

Extruded graphite is a loose and porous worm-like graphite obtained from natural flake graphite by intercalation, washing, drying, and high-temperature expansion. Studies have shown that in lubricating oils, expanded graphite shows excellent compatibility with oil media.

3.Fluorinated graphite

Fluoride graphite is a graphite intercalation compound produced by the direct reaction of fluorine and carbon. Ruffo first reported fluorinated graphite in 1937. The study found that the interlayer bond energy of fluorinated graphite is much lower than that of graphite, and the interval between fluorinated graphite layers is also twice that of graphite layers, which has led scientists to study their lubrication properties.

4.Graphite intercalation compound

Graphite intercalation compounds are formed when graphite absorbs some elements or compounds in the space between the layers. Studies have found that the lubrication effect of graphite intercalation compounds is significantly better than that of pure graphite because compounds or simple substances between graphite layers are easily de-intercalated and show the impact of composite additives. The compounds between the graphite layers are mainly metal chlorides such as FeCl3 and CuCl2.

Dry graphite lubricant uses

Traditional lubricating oils are generally replaced every 5,000 kilometers, and they are not resistant to high temperatures. Many institutions around the world are studying and improving them. In the past, the additives used to enhance the performance of lubricating oils were mostly sulfur and phosphorus substances, which were eventually discharged into the air and caused pollution. Graphite oil lubricant is widely recognized as the ideal solid lubricant material due to its lubricating effect and ultra-stable physical properties. Still, even in the United States, its ultrafine and specific gravity problems have not been solved, that is, the unevenness and precipitation of graphite particles problem.

In a car, the key to energy saving is the engine. It not only affects the operation of the entire vehicle but also affects the amount of fuel. Fine particles in graphite oil lubricant, which are smaller than 1 micron, quickly fill the cylinder wall. Due to scratches, cracks, etc. caused by friction, a flexible protective layer is formed on the surface of the friction pair. At the same time, the conventional metal-to-metal conflict is changed to graphite-to-graphite resistance, which significantly reduces the engine wear and provides the engine with long-term protection.

In summary, although graphite-based lubricant has been used for many years, with the advancement of material technology and the implementation of environmental protection policies, the technique of graphite-based oil is also updated continuously, and graphite will always play an essential role in the lubricant additive industry.

Infomak is dedicated to the technology development of special oil additives, combined the technology of nanomaterials developed dry lubricant and oil additives two series. Our products can significantly improve the performance of lubricating oil, improve energy efficiency, effectively protect the lubrication device and extend the oil change cycle, which can satisfy the lubrication oil constantly upgrading for high-end engine oil additives.

If you are looking for graphite  , please feel free to contact us.

In today's society that focuses on energy conservation and environmental protection, organic molybdenum as a fuel additive for internal combustion engines can save fuel by 2% to 6%, which has become a hot issue in the lubricant additive market and the friction reducer oil additive.

What is the friction modifier?

The friction modifier can be attached to the surface of the part and reduce friction and wear when a slight dispute occurs. The amount of resistance depends on the smoothness of the contact surface and the pressure between the two surfaces. The differential friction modifier not only reduces engine wear but also makes the engine smoother and more efficient. For example, the friction modifier is also significant in automatic transmissions, because so much heat can easily cause wear in the transmission system. In recent years, ATF oils are very smooth, and GL-5 gear oils are mainly Used on differentials and manual transmissions. So keep in mind that gear oils with friction modifier additives are not harmful to mechanical differentials. This gear oil is necessary if you want to keep the clutch from fluttering.

At present, the organic soluble molybdenum reducing oil additive that can be used by GF is natural. It is generally believed that the type of hydrocarbon group, the length of the carbon chain, and the content of molybdenum, sulfur, and phosphorus in the molecular structure of organic molybdenum affect its oil solubility, tribology, and resistance to oxygen and corrosion. Organic molybdenum additives have excellent solubility in formulated lubricants, and have no adverse effects on anti-corrosion performance, indicating that organic molybdenum has the prerequisites for use as lubricant additives.

Oil-soluble organic molybdenum can be classified into three types, according to whether it contains sulfur and phosphorus. The first type is natural molybdenum-containing sulfur and phosphorus, namely MoDDP; the second type is organic molybdenum-containing sulfur but not containing phosphorus, namely molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate (MoDTC); the third type is sulfur-free and phosphorus-free Organic molybdenum, mainly sulfur-free phosphorus organic molybdate (ME) and molybdenum amine complex, etc. This is a new type of organic molybdenum in the development of phosphorus-free sulfur.

1. Sulfur and phosphorus organic molybdenum

Molybdenum-containing organic molybdenum MoDDP or MoDTP is mainly molybdenum dialkyl dithiophosphate and molybdenum dialkyl dithiophosphate. This type of organic molybdenum contains two elements: sulfur and phosphorus. These two elements play an essential role in extreme pressure and abrasion resistance. In particular, phosphorus has a healthy activity, so it quickly occurs first in the friction process. The reaction produces a surface film containing P (such as FePO4, etc.) to cover the friction surface to reduce friction and protect it. Besides, the products containing P have the effect of resisting extreme pressure. Therefore, in general, sulfur-containing, phosphorus-type organic molybdenum is superior to sulfur-free, antiwear properties, especially in high-load environments. Organic molybdenum of phosphorus. Due to its similar structure to ZDDP, MoDDP has poor thermal stability and is easy to decompose. However, it should also be noted that the phosphorus in this type of organic molybdenum will cause some corrosiveness to the oil, and such adverse effects should be considered when using it.

2. Sulfur-free and phosphorus-free organic molybdenum

Although phosphorus can play a highly effective extreme-pressure antiwear result, it can poison precious metals in catalysts used for exhaust gas treatment in internal combustion engines and reduce catalytic efficiency. At the same time, phosphorus is also a pollutant, which can cause atmospheric pollution through emissions. As a result, various regulations have also limited the phosphorus content of additives so that lubricant additives will reduce the use of phosphorus-containing organic molybdenum. To this end, researchers have developed organic molybdenum-containing sulfur but no phosphorus. The organic molybdenum-containing sulfur and no phosphorus is mainly MoDTC. MoDTC is the best friction modifier, but the wear resistance is not as excellent as MoDDP. It has excellent thermal stability, high decomposition temperature, and better oxidation resistance than MoDDP. MoDTC and other additives such as antioxidants can also produce a certain degree of synergy, slowing down the process of reducing friction reduction caused by oxidation. The friction decomposition products of this organic molybdenum are mostly molybdenum disulfide. The layered structure of molybdenum disulfide is connected by Van der Waals force, and the shear stress is small. Therefore, this type of organic molybdenum can significantly reduce the friction coefficient and reduce friction. The role of the motorcycle. At the same time, MoDTC is less corrosive to copper than MoDDP (but still has some corrosion). With the gradual reduction of the use of phosphorus-containing organic molybdenum, MoDTC meets the standard low phosphorus standard for internal combustion engine oils and has become the most widely used type of organic molybdenum.

3. New organic molybdenum without sulfur and phosphorus

Organic molybdenum without sulfur and phosphorus is mainly organic molybdate, ME, and other molybdenum complex compounds. Although this type of organic molybdenum does not have sulfur and phosphorus elements, it can still play a functional role in reducing friction and abrasion. At the same time, it also has the advantages of corrosion resistance and oxidation stability that sulfur-containing phosphorus organic molybdenum does not have. Therefore, these Organic molybdenum-like compounds have enormous application potential. Under the requirements of low sulfur and phosphorus, organic molybdenum-containing sulfur and phosphorus will gradually be replaced. However, this type of organic molybdenum has weak extreme pressure resistance and is only suitable for exerting antiwear effect at low and medium loads. Under high loads, it needs to be compounded with sulfide phosphorus-containing antiwear agents such as ZDDP to achieve the result.

The most typical representative of ME in sulfur-free phosphorus organic molybdenum is Mollyvan 85, produced by Vanderbilt of the United States. The test results show that the friction additive can also be used as an antioxidant and antiwear agent for engine oil, and can even prevent seizure.

With the rapid development of science and technology, the structure of the engine is becoming more and more precise, and the clearance of the engine is becoming smaller and smaller. The friction surface of the engine is also processed very smoothly. Precision engines no longer need to rely on high-viscosity oil to improve the engine The tightness and low viscosity engine oil additives can fully meet the sealing requirements of precision engines. On the other hand, the precise structure puts forward higher needs for the lubricating effect provided by the engine oil. Therefore, engine oil additives such as organic molybdenum have attracted much attention and respect.

Infomak is dedicated to the technology development of special oil additives, combined the Technology of nanomaterials developed dry lubricant and oil additives two series. Our products can significantly improve the performance of lubricating oil, improve energy efficiency, effectively protect the lubrication device and extend the oil change cycle, which can satisfy the lubrication oil constantly upgrading for high-end engine oil additives. Contact us.